{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:50:10Z","timestamp":1785797410735,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In late life, traumas may act cumulatively to exacerbate vulnerability to post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is also a risk factor for cognitive decline. Major neurocognitive disorder (MND) can be associated with worsening of already controlled PTSD symptoms, late\u2010life resurgence or de novo emergence. Misidentifying PTSD symptoms in MND can have negative consequences for the patient and families. We review the literature pertaining to PTSD and dementia and describe five cases referred for consultation in geriatric psychiatry initially for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), which were eventually diagnosed and treated as PTSD in MND subjects. We propose that certain PTSD symptoms in patients with MND are misinterpreted as BPSD and therefore, not properly addressed. For example, flashbacks could be interpreted as hallucinations, hypervigilance as paranoia, nightmares as sleep disturbances, and hyperreactivity as agitation\/aggression. We suggest that better identification of PTSD symptoms in MND is needed. We propose specific recommendations for care, namely: clarifying diagnosis by distinguishing PTSD symptoms coexisting with different types of dementia from a specific dementia symptom (BPSD), gathering a detailed history of the trauma in order to personalise non\u2010pharmacological interventions, adapting psychotherapeutic strategies to patients with dementia, using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors as first\u2010line treatment and avoiding antipsychotics and benzodiazepines. Proper identification of PTSD symptoms in patients with MND is essential and allows a more tailored and efficient treatment, with decrease in inappropriate use of physical and chemical restraints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T00:31:56Z","timestamp":1585787516000},"page":"754-759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["<scp>Post\u2010traumatic<\/scp> stress disorder mistaken for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: case series and recommendations of care"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2909-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie\u2010Andr\u00e9e","family":"Bruneau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de G\u00e9riatrie de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addictology University of Montr\u00e9al  Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Desmarais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klara","family":"Pokrzywko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de G\u00e9riatrie de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addictology University of Montr\u00e9al  Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences\/Clinical Psychiatry","author":"Sadock BJ","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2017.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000560"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31820c71e0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089198870101400105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200505000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390409609793"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03032.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0312c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03344.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"International Psychogeriatric Association. 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