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Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of previous and current prescription opioid dependence among elderly medical inpatients recruited from a large German hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study analyzed a cohort of inpatients aged 65\u2009years and older who were assessed with a structured clinical interview. Levels of past and current dependence on opioids benzodiazepines, hypnotics, and non\u2010opioid analgesics were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 2108 elderly inpatients admitted to the hospital during a 6\u2010month period, 400 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate to the survey. Among these 400 subjects, 43 (10.8%) presented with a dependence on opioid analgesics, including 41 with current dependence and 22 (51.2%) with a <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> condition. Addiction severity was considered mild in 65.1% of cases and severe in 11.6% of cases. Tilidine and oxycodone were the most typically reported molecules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Further research is warranted, to better understand the possible risk factors of prescription drug misuse, abuse, and addiction in this vulnerable population. Clinicians should be updated and informed regarding both prescription medication misuse potential and safe prescribing practices in the elderly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T06:54:00Z","timestamp":1613804040000},"page":"265-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Opioid painkiller dependence in a sample of elderly medical inpatients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Stefania","family":"Chiappini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire  Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Schifano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire  Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Martinotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire  Hatfield UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences G. D'Annunzio University  Chieti\u2010Pescara Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna C.","family":"Strasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine Evangelical Hospital Castrop\u2010Rauxel, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Duisburg\u2010Essen  Castrop\u2010Rauxel Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2592-8337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Udo","family":"Bonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine Evangelical Hospital Castrop\u2010Rauxel, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Duisburg\u2010Essen  Castrop\u2010Rauxel Germany"},{"name":"Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine LVR\u2010Clinical Centre of Essen, Hospital of the University of Duisburg\u2010Essen  Duisburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Scherbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine LVR\u2010Clinical Centre of Essen, Hospital of the University of Duisburg\u2010Essen  Duisburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03052.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/1662-9647\/a000140"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2016.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02902.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001241"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0939-5911\/a000475"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2010.00080.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.149534"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration.FDA analysis of long\u2010term trends in prescription opioid analgesic products: quantity sales and price trends. 2018. 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