{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T01:57:11Z","timestamp":1781143031981,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively examined the prevalence, co\u2010existence, and change of geriatric giant syndromes in older people over 2\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred and five older subjects were examined before and after 2\u2009years. Ten geriatric giants were assessed at both time points: cognitive impairment, depression, orthostatic hypotension, polypharmacy, sarcopenia, dynapenia, falls, chronic pain, faecal and urinary incontinence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chronic pain, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence were three of the most commonly occurring geriatric giants at baseline (57%, 46%, and 40%). The presence of faecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, falls, depression, cognitive impairment, orthostatic hypotension, and polypharmacy was most strongly related to the number of geriatric giants in total at baseline (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.05). A higher intake of dietary antioxidants by one point was related to fewer geriatric giants after 2\u2009years (by 0.04, after adjusting for confounding factors (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.03)).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Geriatric giant syndromes tend to co\u2010exist and change with high variability over 2\u2009years. Higher intake of antioxidants with diet could be related to fewer geriatric giants over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.70018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T19:03:36Z","timestamp":1741892616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence, co\u2010existence, and factors related to a change in geriatric giant syndromes over 2\u2009years: results of the Second Wave of Cognition of Older People, Education, Recreational Activities,\n                    <scp>NutritIon<\/scp>\n                    , Comorbidities,\n                    <scp>fUnctional<\/scp>\n                    Capacity Studies (\n                    <scp>COPERNICUS<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kujawska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144  Bydgoszcz Poland"},{"name":"Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Department 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic IPHC in Bydgoszcz  Bydgoszcz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5186-5037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Kujawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144  Bydgoszcz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u016brat\u0117","family":"Zupkauskien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University  Vilnius Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Husejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144  Bydgoszcz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weronika","family":"Hajec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Clinical Skills and Postgraduate Education of Nurses and Midwives, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygier in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz  Bydgoszcz Poland"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Professor Franciszek \u0141ukaszczyk Oncology Centre  Bydgoszcz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire E.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences University of Westminster  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell G.","family":"Miglis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences University of Queensland  St. Lucia Queensland 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