{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T10:30:57Z","timestamp":1789122657277,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15dk0207019h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15dk0207019h0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18dk0110021h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18dk0110021h0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18le0110004h0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18le0110004h0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007312","name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["27\u201022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27\u201022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007312","name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["28\u201030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28\u201030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to longitudinally examine the association between social participation and disability onset among older adults with varying incomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an observational prospective population\u2010based cohort study involving 4494 older adults (55.9% female, mean age 73.8\u2009\u00b1\u20095.4\u2009years) enrolled in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology\u2014Study of Geriatric Syndromes (NCGG\u2010SGS). Income was assessed using household income, and social participation was evaluated through seven items.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During a 2\u2010year follow\u2010up, 235 participants (5.2%) were newly certified with a disability. In analyses that considered both income level and the number of social participation items, the low\u2010income and high\u2010social participation group had a lower risk than the low\u2010income and low\u2010social participation group (HR\u2009=\u20090.68, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.49\u20130.94). Importantly, the types of activities associated with reduced risk differed by income group: in the high\u2010income group, \u2018Visit friends\u2019 (HR\u2009=\u20090.54, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.33\u20130.89) and \u2018Shopping\u2019 (HR\u2009=\u20090.27, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.11\u20130.68) and in the low\u2010income group, \u2018Visit friends\u2019 (HR\u2009=\u20090.59, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.40\u20130.88), \u2018Exercise circle\u2019 (HR\u2009=\u20090.49, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.33\u20130.72) and \u2018Advice\u2019 (HR\u2009=\u20090.40, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.26\u20130.64) were relevant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that maintaining social participation, particularly through familiar and accessible activities, may contribute to a lower risk of disability among older adults, even among those with limited income.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.70122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T14:21:49Z","timestamp":1765290109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Longitudinal Study of Social Participation and the Onset of Disability Among Community\u2010Dwelling Older Adults With Different Incomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3843-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinnosuke","family":"Nosaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Nakakubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Health Research Team, Center for Gerontology and Social Sciences, Research Institute National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuto","family":"Kiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Frontier Research Center POLA Chemical Industries Inc.  Yokohama Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6742-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuka","family":"Misu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Kobe Gakuin University  Kobe Hy\u014dgo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoka","family":"Ohata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8111-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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