{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T01:12:11Z","timestamp":1778634731989,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As T\u00fcrkiye's population ages, the prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and its associated risk factors is a growing public health concern. Previous research suggests that rural populations may face disproportionately higher rates of chronic diseases, limited healthcare access, and lower socioeconomic status, which could contribute to elevated AD risk. This study aimed to investigate and compare AD risk levels among older adults residing in rural versus urban areas of a province in T\u00fcrkiye.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross\u2010sectional comparative study was conducted in D\u00fczce province, located in the Western Black Sea region of T\u00fcrkiye, encompassing both urban (D\u00fczce city center and its districts) and rural (forest villages) settlements. A total of 759 older adults (365 rural, 394 urban) were recruited using a multi\u2010stage sampling method. Participants completed the Turkish Australian National University Alzheimer's Disease Risk Index Short Form (TR\u2010ANU\u2010ADRI\u2010SF) to determine AD risk factors and the Dementia Screening Form (AD8) to determine self\u2010reported cognitive status. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Independent Samples\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests, Chi\u2010square tests, and Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant differences were observed between rural and urban older adults across several socio\u2010demographic and health characteristics. Rural older adults had a significantly higher mean TR\u2010ANU\u2010ADRI\u2010SF score (9.03\u2009\u00b1\u20099.89 for rural vs. 1.12\u2009\u00b1\u20097.49 for urban,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Based on AD8 scores, the rate of self\u2010reported cognitive concerns (SCC) was also significantly higher in rural older adults (35.6%) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). However, after adjusting for age, gender, and years of education, residence status was no longer found to be independently associated with TR\u2010ANU\u2010ADRI\u2010SF scores (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.134;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, the higher risk of AD observed in older adults living in rural areas appears to stem primarily from differences in age and education level, rather than from residential status. These findings highlight the importance of addressing educational inequalities and promoting lifelong cognitive engagement as key strategies to reduce the risk of AD, particularly in rural populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.70167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T02:30:37Z","timestamp":1775874637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rural\u2013Urban Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease Risk Among Older Adults in T\u00fcrkiye: A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9969-4759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serap","family":"Bayram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Elderly Care Program D\u00fczce University  D\u00fczce T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0325-4527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya\u015far Selman","family":"G\u00fcltekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Economics D\u00fczce University  D\u00fczce T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9461-784X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u0131nar","family":"G\u00fcltekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Planning D\u00fczce University  D\u00fczce T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"Turkish Statistical Institute \u201cThe Elderly According to Statistics \u201daccessed November 2023 https:\/\/data.tuik.gov.tr\/Bulten\/Index?p=%C4%B0statistiklerle\u2010Ya%C5%9Fl%C4%B1lar\u20102022\u201049667&dil=1."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"Alzheimer's Disease International \u201cWorld Alzheimer Report 2019: Attitudes to Dementia \u201daccessed September 2019 https:\/\/www.alzint.org\/u\/WorldAlzheimerReport2019.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Strains of Caregivers of Alzheimer Patients","volume":"16","author":"Akyar \u0130.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","unstructured":"Turkish Alzheimer Association \u201cTurkish Alzheimer Association \u201daccessed 26 August 2023 https:\/\/www.alzheimerdernegi.org.tr\/T\u00fcrkiyede\u2010600\u2010000\u2010aile\u2010alzheimer\u2010hastaligi\u2010ile\u2010mucadele\u2010ediyor\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010215657"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916\u2010014\u20100218\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4245"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12703\/P7\u201050"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929\u2010019\u20100524\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8030861"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(11)70072\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102458\u201014\u2010643"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"378","article-title":"Dementias and Alzheimers Disease in Latin America and the Caribbean","volume":"40","author":"Llibre Rodr\u00edguez J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Revista Cubana de Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.07.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010017\u20100240\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682\u2010017\u20109789\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","volume-title":"The 2014 Update of the Rural\u2010Urban Chartbook","author":"Meit M.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(14)70136\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8041244"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6620a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17215"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254174"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12128"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.00722"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.22111"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","unstructured":"H.Sharma R.Bin Abdul Baten F.Ullrich A. 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