{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:07:14Z","timestamp":1789549634718,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) fluctuate over time, yet multimodal non\u2010pharmacological interventions (MNPIs) are usually evaluated by pre\u2013post comparison alone. We examined BPSD trajectories during an MNPI delivered within routine care in two dementia\u2010specialised settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this one\u2010group pretest\u2013posttest study, 23 nursing home residents and 14 daycare centre users with physician\u2010confirmed dementia (Global Deterioration Scale [GDS] Stage 4 or higher) received an 8\u2010week MNPI comprising seven care domains. Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI\u2010Q) total severity scores (0\u201336) were rated at baseline and Weeks 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8. Linear mixed\u2010effects models, fitted separately by setting, adjusted for baseline NPI\u2010Q score and GDS stage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline BPSD severity differed markedly between settings (nursing home 14.35\u2009\u00b1\u20097.63; daycare centre 2.86\u2009\u00b1\u20091.88). In the nursing home, time had a significant effect (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.021). Adjusted mean scores fell from 11.83 at Week 1 to 7.65 at Week 3, then returned to 10.51 by Week 8 and only the Week 1\u20133 contrast survived Bonferroni correction. In the daycare centre, adjusted scores remained low throughout (1.67\u20133.53) and no temporal change was detected (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.580). Instead, baseline NPI\u2010Q score (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) and GDS stage (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008) predicted BPSD severity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BPSD trajectories differed by care setting. Change in the nursing home was real but transient, and would have been missed or misread by a single post\u2010intervention assessment. In the daycare centre, where baseline BPSD severity was low, no change was detectable and severity was explained by individual baseline characteristics rather than by time. Participant selection, outcome measures and assessment timing should therefore be matched to the setting and the BPSD severity of the population served. Absent a control group and medication data, causal inference is precluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.70197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:19:13Z","timestamp":1785320353000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal Patterns of\n                    <scp>BPSD<\/scp>\n                    During a Multimodal Non\u2010Pharmacological Intervention in Nursing Home and Daycare Centre Settings"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kyoung Sook","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing Graduate School of Ajou University  Suwon\u2010si Gyeonggi\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3356-4489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi Sook","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Ajou University  Suwon\u2010si Gyeonggi\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3615-8024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunjong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management Sangji University  Wonju\u2010si Gangwon\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877\u2010021\u201002526\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.05.2410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12371"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.12.1475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1316"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11030347"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afp202"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia","volume":"3","author":"Kim S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102016\u2010012759"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/218980"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610217002344"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000503445"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14713012251412051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877\u2010021\u201002494\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2017.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.141119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301218795289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.894930"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741\u20107015\u20109\u2010129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11556\u2010007\u20100025\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2024.104866"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2024.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","volume-title":"Suggestion of Long\u2010Term Care System Reform in View of Aging in Place","author":"Lee Y. 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