{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:07:11Z","timestamp":1789549631850,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the behavioral Action Observation Sheet\u2010B (AOS\u2010B) addresses the clinical limitations, patient anxiety and caregiver biases of traditional dementia assessments, evidence regarding its incremental explanatory power remains insufficient. Using real\u2010world clinical data, this study evaluated the 47\u2010item AOS\u2010B's internal consistency, validity and independent contribution to explaining caregiver burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively analysed data from 107 patients with different dementia subtypes. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Validity was examined using Pearson's correlations between scores on the AOS\u2010B and established scales (the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination\u2014Japanese, Hasegawa Dementia Rating Scale\u2014Revised, Clinical Dementia Rating and the 8\u2010item Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview\u2014Japanese version). Hierarchical multiple regression was used to evaluate the AOS\u2010B's independent association with caregiver burden beyond cognitive scores; receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the optimal AOS\u2010B cutoff for identifying high\u2010risk caregiver burden (Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview score\u2009\u2265\u200913).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The AOS\u2010B showed excellent internal consistency (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.904). While global cognitive function (Mini\u2010Mental State Examination\u2014Japanese) was associated with caregiver burden, hierarchical regression analysis indicated that adding AOS\u2010B scores significantly increased the model's explanatory power (\u0394\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.208,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.750 and 65.0 as a potential cutoff (sensitivity: 77.8%, specificity: 67.6%) for identifying high\u2010risk caregiver burden. AOS\u2010B scores did not differ significantly among dementia subtypes, though statistical power was limited by the subgroup sizes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The AOS\u2010B demonstrated high internal consistency and construct validity as a non\u2010invasive tool that complements standardised cognitive tests by capturing practical caregiving challenges. Using the 65.0\u2010point threshold with existing caregiver burden scales may help clinicians better identify specific intervention targets and optimise resource allocation in routine practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.70208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:14:12Z","timestamp":1787807652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Internal Consistency, Construct Validity and Incremental Explanatory Power of the Action Observation Sheet\u2010B (\n                    <scp>AOS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010B) for Dementia Caregiver Burden and Clinical Severity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8843-0933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reiko","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kanazawa Medical University  Kahoku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Sumita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kanazawa Medical University  Kahoku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Senoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kanazawa Medical University  Kahoku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4946-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumeno","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kanazawa Medical University  Kahoku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7890-8612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiji","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kanazawa Medical University  Kahoku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Tamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tsuruga Onsen Hospital  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Uehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kanazawa Medical University  Kahoku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"National University Corporation Kyushu University Subsidies for Longevity Health Project \u201cPrevalence Survey and Future Projection Research for Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment \u201d2023 Kyushu Univ Website."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S146788"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35772\/ghm.2023.01124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Understanding the Behaviour of People With Dementia \u2010 Learning From the Symptoms of Dementia. 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