{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:07:11Z","timestamp":1789549631580,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K10690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K10690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP24wm0625505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24wm0625505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are the most clinically consequential manifestations of dementia, yet they are frequently underestimated as secondary behavioural complications. This review introduces a precision neuropsychiatry framework that conceptualises NPS\u2014including apathy, agitation, psychosis, depression, and sleep disturbances\u2014as multidimensional clinical phenotypes. These phenotypes bridge neurodegeneration, biological aging, brain network disruption, psychosocial context, functional decline, and caregiver burden. We trace the conceptual evolution from dementia to neurocognitive disorders, and from behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) to NPS and mild behavioural impairment (MBI). Precision neuropsychiatry stratifies NPS based on disease background, clinical stage, neural networks, biological aging, physical vulnerability, and psychosocial context to optimise differential diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and targeted interventions. Although conventional symptom\u2010based classification remains practically useful, it must be complemented by biological, functional, and contextual stratification; identical symptom labels often arise from distinct mechanisms and express differently based on personality, life history, environmental mismatch, and available resources. Emerging evidence from MBI, neuroimaging, brain\u2010age paradigms, frailty, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, and international consensus criteria supports this multidimensional shift. Future research should advance from cross\u2010sectional symptom descriptions toward longitudinal, mechanism\u2010informed, and context\u2010sensitive models to translate these findings into real\u2010world psychogeriatric care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.70209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:33:25Z","timestamp":1787024005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward Precision Neuropsychiatry of Dementia: Neuropsychiatric Symptoms as Multidimensional Clinical Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5952-6141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunichiro","family":"Shinagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8731-9887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"383","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"10","author":"Geda Y. 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