{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:43:30Z","timestamp":1792554210302,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62475179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62475179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Alzheimer's disease (AD) frequently presents with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), severely impacting prognosis. The dynamic brain network mechanisms remain unclear, and traditional neuroimaging faces limitations. Functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a unique approach to explore these mechanisms under natural conditions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To systematically compare brain region activation, signal complexity and network topology in AD patients with and without BPSD using resting\u2010state and verbal fluency task (VFT) fNIRS paradigms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This cross\u2010sectional study enrolled 48 AD patients (24 with BPSD, 24 without) and 25 normal controls (NC). fNIRS recorded hemodynamic changes in the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes during rest and VFT. Analyses included activation, time\u2010frequency characteristics, functional connectivity and network topology. Partial correlations assessed links between fNIRS metrics and neuropsychological scores.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In resting state, AD\u2010BPSD showed altered coefficient of variation in left premotor and somatosensory cortices, and elevated information entropy in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC), versus NC and AD\u2010non\u2010BPSD. Functional connectivity abnormalities emerged between right frontal eye field\u2010left somatosensory cortex, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC)\u2010left superior temporal gyrus (lSTG) (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). During VFT, AD\u2010BPSD had significantly lower lDLPFC and left somatosensory activation versus NC (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), but increased signal fluctuation and power in right primary motor cortex (rM1) (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), alongside reduced whole\u2010brain clustering coefficient (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.023).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n AD\u2010BPSD was associated with altered brain functional patterns across resting and task states, involving sensorimotor and executive networks as well as altered interhemispheric coordination. These fNIRS\u2010derived alterations provide exploratory evidence of altered brain functional patterns associated with BPSD and warrant further investigation in larger longitudinal studies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.70222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:27:51Z","timestamp":1792553271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Resting\u2010State and Task\u2010State Dual\u2010Paradigm\n fNIRS<\/scp>\n Study Reveals Dynamic Alterations in Brain Network Activity in Alzheimer's Disease With Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9718-1489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang\u2010bo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8407-6947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan\u2010wen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010wen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2327-2028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Suzhou Guangji Hospital Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010guang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8364-0219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun\u2010feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7994-7827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frdem.2026.1736297","article-title":"The 2024 NIA\u2010AA Biological Definition of Alzheimer's Disease: Linking Biomarkers to Clinical Practice","volume":"5","author":"Kobayashi G.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Frontiers in Dementia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2024_566","article-title":"Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms (BPSD) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD): Development and Treatment","volume":"69","author":"Lee H. 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