{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T22:26:34Z","timestamp":1766269594764},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,16]],"date-time":"2013-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The panic disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>) literature provides evidence for both physiologic rigidity and instability as pathognomonic features of this disorder. This ambiguity may be a result of viewing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> at differential levels of temporal analysis. We assessed cardiac variability across three levels of temporal scale in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> patients, post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>) patients, and healthy controls. Sixteen healthy controls, 14 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> patients, 23 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD<\/jats:styled-content> patients, and 16 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD\u2009+\u2009PD<\/jats:styled-content> patients presented for a polysomnogram. Differences were assessed in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSA<\/jats:styled-content>), autoregressive stability of heart rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>), and the number of nonspecific accelerations in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> over the night. No differences in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSA<\/jats:styled-content> were found between groups; however, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> patients exhibited significantly lower autoregressive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> stability, and all patients had significantly more <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> accelerations than controls. These data reinforce prior findings demonstrating physiologic instability in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> and indicate that prior equivocalities regarding physiologic variability in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> may be due to limited temporal scaling of measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]],"date-time":"2013-10-08T16:27:23Z","timestamp":1381249643000},"page":"80-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cardiac stability at differing levels of temporal analysis in panic disorder, post\u2010traumatic stress disorder, and healthy controls"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of California, Berkeley  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven H.","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dissemination and Training Division National Center for PTSD  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)01078-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(92)90101-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199405000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","volume-title":"Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic","author":"Barlow D. 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