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We tested whether this negative finding holds when the chosen outcome has an objective value of zero and therefore a comparison with the unchosen outcome is needed to identify overall choice valence. Participants completed a gambling task in which chosen and unchosen options could result in monetary wins, losses, or breaking even. Results show that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FRN<\/jats:styled-content> does not reflect local favorableness but rather a dichotomy of gain versus no\u2010gain for both chosen and unchosen outcomes. In contrast, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>300 amplitude appears to reflect motivational salience derived from counterfactual comparisons of chosen and unchosen outcomes. Based on our and prior findings, we propose a threefold taxonomy of contextual factors and their relation to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FRN<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,19]],"date-time":"2014-04-19T09:15:01Z","timestamp":1397898901000},"page":"773-781","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["What is and what could have been: An <scp>ERP<\/scp> study on counterfactual comparisons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Roman","family":"Osinsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology I Julius Maximilians University  W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology I Julius Maximilians University  W\u00fcrzburg 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