{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T17:37:06Z","timestamp":1760549826212},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]],"date-time":"2015-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"BK21 plus from the Ministry of Education, Korea"},{"name":"ICT R&D program of MSIP\/IITP, Korea","award":["10045452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10045452"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gap\u2010startle paradigm has been used as a behavioral method for tinnitus screening in animal studies. This study aimed to investigate gap prepulse inhibition (GPI) of the auditory late response (ALR) as the objective response of the gap\u2010intense sound paradigm in humans. ALRs were recorded in response to gap\u2010intense and no\u2010gap\u2010intense sound stimuli in 27 healthy subjects. The amplitudes of the baseline\u2010to\u2010peak (N1, P2, and N2) and the peak\u2010to\u2010peak (N1P2 and P2N2) were compared between two averaged ALRs. The variations in the inhibition ratios of N1P2 and P2N2 during the experiment were analyzed by increasing stimuli repetitions. The effect of stimulus parameter adjustments on GPI ratios was evaluated. No\u2010gap\u2010intense sound stimuli elicited greater peak amplitudes than gap\u2010intense sound stimuli, and significant differences were found across all peaks. The overall mean inhibition ratios were significantly lower than 1.0, where the value 1.0 indicates that there were no differences between gap\u2010intense and no\u2010gap\u2010intense sound responses. The initial decline in GPI ratios was shown in N1P2 and P2N2 complexes, and this reduction was nearly complete after 100 stimulus repetitions. Significant effects of gap length and interstimulus interval on GPI ratios were observed. We found significant inhibition of ALR peak amplitudes in performing the gap\u2010intense sound paradigm in healthy subjects. The N1P2 complex represented GPI well in terms of suppression degree and test\u2010retest reliability. Our findings offer practical information for the comparative study of healthy subjects and tinnitus patients using the gap\u2010intense sound paradigm with the ALR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T03:57:23Z","timestamp":1439524643000},"page":"1511-1519","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Gap prepulse inhibition of the auditory late response in healthy subjects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Yunseo","family":"Ku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joong Woo","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiheon","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myung\u2010Whan","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Seoul National University College of Medicine, Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Ha","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Seoul National University College of Medicine, Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee Chan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026988119901300101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181b1354f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2012.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/Bf03213074"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01390.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.121232"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03327220"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2012.00042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.15.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09656"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2012.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(71)90113-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881104042615"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"New handbook of auditory evoked responses","author":"Hall J. 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