{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T15:50:40Z","timestamp":1775490640379,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["01GV0615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GV0615"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the current review, we reconceptualize a categorical diagnosis\u2014panic disorder and agoraphobia\u2014in terms of two constructs within the domain \u201cnegative valence systems\u201d suggested by the Research Domain Criteria initiative. Panic attacks are considered as abrupt and intense fear responses to acute threat arising from inside the body, while anxious apprehension refers to anxiety responses to potential harm and more distant or uncertain threat. Taking a dimensional view, panic disorder with agoraphobia is defined with the threat\u2010imminence model stating that defensive responses are dynamically organized along the dimension of the proximity of the threat. We tested this model within a large group of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009369 and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009124 in a replication sample) and found evidence that panic attacks are indeed instances of circa strike defense. This component of the defensive reactivity was related to genetic modulators within the serotonergic system. In contrast, anxious apprehension\u2014characterized by attentive freezing during postencounter defense\u2014was related to general distress and depressive mood, as well as to genetic modulations within the hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenal (HPA) axis. Patients with a strong behavioral tendency for active and passive avoidance responded better to exposure treatment if the therapist guides the patient through the exposure exercises.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T17:37:35Z","timestamp":1455557855000},"page":"312-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Panic disorder with agoraphobia from a behavioral neuroscience perspective: Applying the research principles formulated by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Alfons O.","family":"Hamm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Pan\u00e9\u2010Farr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorte","family":"Westphal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Ulrich","family":"Wittchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna N.","family":"Vossbeck\u2010Elsebusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Gerlach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Gloster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Str\u00f6hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christoph\u2010Dornier Foundation for Clinical Psychology Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tilo","family":"Kircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Philipps\u2010University Marburg Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antje B. 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