{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T21:26:51Z","timestamp":1774387611565,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Correlation dimension (D2), a measure of heart rate (HR) complexity, has been shown to decrease in response to acute mental stress and relate to adverse cardiovascular health. However, the relationship between stress\u2010induced changes in D2 and HR has yet to be established. The present studies aimed to assess this relationship systematically while controlling for changes in respiration and autonomic activity. In Study 1 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925) D2 decreased during stress and predicted HR reactivity even after adjusting for changes in respiration rate, and cardiac vagal tone. This result was replicated in Study 2 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009162) and extended by including a measure of cardiac sympathetic activity; correlation dimension remained an independent predictor of HR reactivity in a hierarchical linear model containing measures of cardiac parasympathetic and sympathetic activity and their interaction. These results suggest that correlation dimension may provide additional information regarding cardiac stress reactivity above that provided by traditional measures of cardiac autonomic function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T11:46:53Z","timestamp":1448020013000},"page":"465-472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Heart rate complexity: A novel approach to assessing cardiac stress reactivity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Ryan C.","family":"Brindle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annie T.","family":"Ginty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna C.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-006-0119-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210100470"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02352.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.98.4.459"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.2.296","article-title":"Cardiac psychophysiology and autonomic space in humans: Emperical perspectives and conceptual implications","volume":"114","author":"Berntson G. G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12248"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12966\/psbr.06.03.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"R26","article-title":"Fractal nature of short\u2010term systolic BP and HR variability during lower body negative pressure","volume":"267","author":"Butler G. C.","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02449.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.54.11.876"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31817b9382"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2010.5626642"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYO.26.2.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.146621"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02347554"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-1983310000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21315"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2011.01326.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.012579499"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.012579499"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1977.44.2.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(95)00084-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(87)90023-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1999.1939"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.109.1.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","first-page":"R1149","article-title":"Influence of forced respiration on nonlinear dynamics in heart rate variability","volume":"272","author":"Kanters J. K.","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1496-8986.3760748"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2004.00245.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2012.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90355-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000124726.72615.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(10)80025-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000031733.51374.C1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2005.40580.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000160476.67536.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1969.27.4.465"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.166091"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(78)90850-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(94)00378-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2003.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-92X-10-96"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(98)00058-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200107000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(91)72094-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199011000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80549-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Correlation dimension of heart rate variability: A new index of human autonomic function","volume":"5","author":"Osaka M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Frontiers of Medical and Biological Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"High cardiovascular reactivity to psychological challenge associated alternatively with high density of beta\u2010adrenergic receptors or with high resting levels of catecholamines","volume":"31","author":"Pac\u00e1k K.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Activitas Nervosa Superior"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2013.00.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3950585"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8760(95)00026-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(99)00025-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.68.4.966"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/002-8703(93)90165-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","first-page":"381s","article-title":"The effect of mental arithmetic on blood pressure variability and baroreflex sensitivity in man","volume":"4","author":"Sleight P.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469.8986.1991.tb00720.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.46.030184.001025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1989.tb03145.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(02)00615-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2011.00067"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","unstructured":"Tarvainen M. P. &Niskanen J.(2012). Kubios HRV version 2.1 users guide. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/kubios.uef.fi\/media\/Kubios_HRV_2.1_Users_Guide.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.65.2.248"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200301000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02278013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.46.030184.001103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.05.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00251-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.24.4.567"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3530252"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.0719"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1449-8986.3650591"}],"container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpsyp.12576","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psyp.12576","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T13:58:29Z","timestamp":1695995909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/psyp.12576"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/psyp.12576"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12576","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-5772","1469-8986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-5772","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]}}}