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According to the avoidance model\u2014stating that worry is a strategy to reduce intense emotions\u2014physiological and neurobiological activity during worried thinking should not differ from activation during neutral thinking. According to the contrast avoidance model\u2014stating that worry is a strategy to reduce abrupt shifts of emotions\u2014activity should be increased. To test these competing models, we induced worry and neutral thinking in healthy participants using personal topics. A rumination condition was added to investigate the specificity of changes induced by the mental process. Two experiments were conducted assessing the effects on different response levels: (1) neural activation using fMRI, and (2) physiological response mobilization using startle and autonomic measures. During worry, participants showed a potentiated startle response and BOLD activity indicative of emotional network activation. These data partly support the contrast avoidance model of worry. Both mental processes showed elevated activity in a common network referred to as default network indicating self\u2010referential activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]],"date-time":"2016-10-21T05:36:58Z","timestamp":1477028218000},"page":"161-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Physiological and neural correlates of worry and rumination: Support for the contrast avoidance model of worry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Elisa C. 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