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Here, we discuss how fMRI functional connectivity can shed light on the organization of control networks and how they interact with other parts of the brain. In the first section of our review, we present convergent evidence from fMRI functional connectivity, activation, and lesion studies that there are multiple dissociable control networks in the brain with distinct functional properties. In the second section, we discuss how graph theoretical concepts can help illuminate the mechanisms by which control networks interact with other brain regions to carry out goal\u2010directed functions, focusing on the role of specialized hub regions for mediating cross\u2010network interactions. Again, we use a combination of functional connectivity, lesion, and task activation studies to bolster this claim. We conclude that a large\u2010scale network perspective provides important neurobiological constraints on the neural underpinnings of executive control, which will guide future basic and translational research into executive function and its disruption in disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T12:23:44Z","timestamp":1511958224000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":204,"title":["Control networks and hubs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Caterina","family":"Gratton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoxin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202095109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001476"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.12.2082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12818"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12814","article-title":"An information theory account of late frontoparietal ERP positivities in cognitive control","volume":"55","author":"Barcelo F.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606005103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1510619112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/46035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12820"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415122111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106636"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3470"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12805","article-title":"Working memory capacity and task goals modulate error\u2010related ERPs","volume":"55","author":"Coleman J. 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