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The current study further examined probability learning and performance monitoring in adult individuals with dyslexia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a023) and typical readers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a031) using two varieties of a typical probabilistic learning task. In addition to performance measures, we measured heart rate, focusing on cardiac slowing with negative feedback as a manifestation of the automatic performance monitoring system. One task required participants to learn associations between artificial script and speech sounds and the other task required them to learn associations between geometric forms and bird sounds. Corrective feedback (informative or random) was provided in both tasks. Performance results indicated that individuals with dyslexia and typical readers learned the associations equally well in contrast to expectations. We found the typical cardiac response associated with feedback processing consisting of a heart rate slowing with the presentation of the feedback and a return to baseline thereafter. Interestingly, the heart rate slowing associated with feedback was less pronounced and the return to baseline was delayed in individuals with dyslexia relative to typical readers. These findings were interpreted in relation to current theorizing of performance monitoring linking the salience network in the brain to autonomic functioning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T08:20:16Z","timestamp":1566462016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Probability learning and feedback processing in dyslexia: A performance and heart rate analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1857-8607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Fraga Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Rudolf Berlin Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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