{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T21:04:51Z","timestamp":1782680691575,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KR1204B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KR1204B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with alterations in cardiac reactivity to threat cues. Meta\u2010analyses have summarized that adults with PTSD have increased heart rates in response to trauma\u2010related stimuli. However, the opposite effect (i.e., cardiac hyporeactivity) has recently been reported in subgroups of PTSD patients. In children and adolescents with PTSD, reports of cardiac alterations are rare and ambiguous. So far, most studies in adolescents and young adults are restricted to victims of accidents, even though PTSD is highly prevalent in victims of child maltreatment. The present study aimed at investigating cardiac reactions in adolescents and young adults with PTSD after child abuse. Cardiac responses to standardized emotional words were studied in 39 adolescent and young adult PTSD patients after childhood sexual and\/or physical abuse as compared to 39 healthy control subjects (age range: 15\u201320\u00a0years). The experimental paradigm consisted of a passive reading task with neutral, positive, physically threatening, and socially threatening (swear) words. Results showed that cardiac reactions to negative stimuli, particularly physically threatening stimuli, were less pronounced in PTSD patients than in controls. Moreover, cardiac reactions in response to socially threatening words were less variable in the PTSD group. No differences between and within groups were present in reaction to neutral or positive stimuli. Findings suggest that a physiologically blunted subtype of PTSD may already manifest during adolescence and young adulthood. Moreover, the results of the present study emphasize the relevance of individual trauma history for physiological reactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T08:38:47Z","timestamp":1566981527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cardiac reactions to emotional words in adolescents and young adults with PTSD after child abuse"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3122-005X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Iffland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6449-2345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Rosner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Catholic University Eichst\u00e4tt\u2010Ingolstadt Eichst\u00e4tt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babette","family":"Renneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Freie Universitaet Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Steil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Neuner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2009.00940.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029891"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20417"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-015-0665-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children: Professional manual","author":"Briere J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.2.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200107000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.00043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2013.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511499722.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2010IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID II)","author":"First M. B.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2010IV Axis I disorders (SCID I)","author":"First M. B.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(89)80067-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-014-4235-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20167"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","volume-title":"Beck Depressions Inventar: Revision (BDI\u2010II)","author":"Hautzinger M.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00638.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.10.3.298"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.5.4.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","volume-title":"Why we curse: A neuro\u2010psycho\u2010social theory of speech","author":"Jay T.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015646"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-005-4307-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200203000-00005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"A behavioral formulation of postraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans","volume":"8","author":"Keane T. M.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behavior Therapist"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20620"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v6.25471"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01924.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"e1344","article-title":"Processing of affective words in adolescent PTSD\u2014Attentional bias toward social threat","author":"Klein F.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-006-2098-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Anxiety and the anxiety disorders","author":"Lang P. J.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21889"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01367-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v6.27966"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199209000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199812000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21891"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-016-9341-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","volume-title":"Clinical Administered PTSD Scale, Child and Adolescent Version (CAPS\u2010C)","author":"Nader K. O.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024447003022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1969.tb02872.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101001046.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.5.725"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20415"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2004.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-195"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","volume-title":"Frageb\u00f6gen zur Diagnostik psychischer St\u00f6rungen des Kindes\u2010 und Jugendalters","author":"Ruf M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v3i0.17419"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp3401_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2008.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.9.1.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0044-3409\/a000018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.6.553"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","volume-title":"IBS\u2010KJ. Interviews zu Belastungsst\u00f6rungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Diagnostik der akuten und der posttraumatischen Belastungsst\u00f6rung","author":"Steil R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-004-0048-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1885"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.6.993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Swearing: A biopsychosocial perspective","volume":"22","author":"Vingerhoets A. J. J. M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychological Topics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e328356f7a6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00235-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","volume-title":"Grundintelligenztest Skala 2\u2014Revision (CFT 20\u2010R) [Culture Fair Intelligence Test 20\u2010R\u2014Scale 2]","author":"Wei\u00df R. H.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-0007-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1247564"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","volume-title":"SKID: Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM\u2010IV: Achse I und II","author":"Wittchen H. U.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J229v07n01_03"}],"container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psyp.13470","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/psyp.13470","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psyp.13470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T23:06:19Z","timestamp":1694214379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/psyp.13470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/psyp.13470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.13470","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-5772","1469-8986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-5772","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13470"}}