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Here, we investigated the influence of state anger on punishment and compensation in the third\u2010party dictator game. Therefore, we used movie sequences for emotional priming, including the target states anger, happy, and neutral. We measured the Feedback\u2010Related Negativity (FRN) and midfrontal theta band activation, to investigate an electro\u2010cortical correlate of the processing of fair and unfair offers. Also, we assessed single\u2010trial FRN and midfrontal theta band activation as a predictor for punishment and compensation. We found that punishment was linked to state anger. Midfrontal theta band activation, which has previously been linked to altruistic acts and cognitive control, predicted less punishment. Additionally, trait anger led to enhanced FRN for unfair offers. This led to the interpretation that the FRN depicts the evaluation of fairness, while midfrontal theta band activation captures an aspect of cognitive control and altruistic motivation. We conclude that we need to redefine \u201caltruistic punishment\u201d into \u201ccostly punishment,\u201d as no direct link of altruism and punishment is given. Additionally, midfrontal theta band activation complements the FRN and offers additional insights into complex responses and decision processes, especially as a single trial predictor.\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T14:32:16Z","timestamp":1582900336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["It's costly punishment, not altruistic: Low midfrontal theta and state anger predict punishment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8471-0816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Julius\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marvin","family":"Liesner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Julius\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5271-7594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Reutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Julius\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5010-5677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Mussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8400-189X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Hewig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Julius\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Ahlmann\u2010Eltze C.(2019).ggsignif: Significance Brackets for \u201cggplot2\u201d. 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