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Here, we investigated if a fundamental oscillatory network activity pattern, often related to cognitive control, frontal midline theta (FMT) oscillations, are modulated by steroids hormones, P4 and T. We measured the concentration of P4 and T using salivary enzyme immunoassay and FMT oscillations using high\u2010density electroencephalography (EEG) during eyes\u2010open resting\u2010state in 55 healthy women and men. Electrical brain activity was analyzed using Fourier analysis, aperiodic signal fitting, and beamformer source localization. Steroid hormone concentrations and biological sex were used as predictors for scalp and source\u2010estimated amplitude of theta oscillations. Elevated concentrations of P4 predicted increased amplitude of FMT oscillations across both sexes, and no relationship was found with T. The positive correlation with P4 was specific to the frontal midline electrodes and survived correction for the background aperiodic signal of the brain. Using source localization, FMT oscillations were localized to the frontal\u2010parietal network (FPN). Additionally, theta amplitude within the FPN, but not the default mode network, positively correlated with P4 concentration. Our results suggest that P4 concentration modulates brain activity via upregulation of theta oscillations in the FPN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T13:38:59Z","timestamp":1594647539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Progesterone modulates theta oscillations in the frontal\u2010parietal network"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2251-3643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Riddle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"},{"name":"Carolina Center for Neurostimulation University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"},{"name":"Center for Women's Mood Disorders University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 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