{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:26:46Z","timestamp":1792027606106,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH118218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH118218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The autonomic nervous system (ANS) has demonstrated utility for identifying alterations in emotion processing associated with common psychopathology, including depression and anxiety. To date though the majority of this ANS research has several limitations. Most studies have examined parasympathetic and sympathetic branches separately, requiring activity in the other branch be inferred. This is problematic as each branch may function independently. Composite indices such as cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) and cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR) which examine the relative input between respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and pre\u2010ejection period (PEP) should provide more comprehensive measures of autonomic functioning and thus stronger predictors of psychopathology. However, the sympathetic branch is driven by multiple neurotransmitter systems, thus PEP does not necessarily reflect overall SNS arousal. We propose two new metrics for assessing ANS functioning associated with psychopathology: parasympathetic effects on cardiac control (RSA) relative to sympathetic effects on the eccrine system (electrodermal activity, EDA), which we term cross\u2010system autonomic balance (CSAB) and regulation (CSAR). Eighty\u2010five women (18\u201337) completed a baseline physiological assessment with parasympathetic (RSA) and sympathetic indices (PEP, EDA), along with self\u2010reported depressive and anxiety symptoms. Lower CSAB, indicating sympathetic dominance driven by cholinergic neurotransmission, was associated with higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. Lower CAB indicating sympathetic dominance driven by beta\u2010adrenergic neurotransmission was associated specifically with depressive symptoms. CSAB was a more robust index than RSA. Results support the utility of assessing multiple composite ANS indices for identifying physiological substrates of alterations in emotion regulation associated with internalizing disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T17:44:53Z","timestamp":1594662293000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Cross system autonomic balance and regulation: Associations with depression and anxiety symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8179-8672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey B.","family":"Stone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Christopher Newport University Newport News VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlyn C.","family":"McCormack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Christopher Newport University Newport News VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3828-1760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Bylsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2017.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Anxiety and its disorders\u2014The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic","author":"Barlow D. 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