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In this review, we examine the normative changes with aging and the effect that stress may have on how the brain\u2013heart connection changes with age. We provide a framework based on the concept of neurovisceral integration and propose that stress regulation is emotion regulation. As such, studies that have investigated emotion regulation may yield insights into successful stress regulation that helps protect people from age\u2010related decline. In addition, interventions that improve brain health also improve heart health and vice versa. We conclude by noting that significant sex and ethnic differences exist but that future studies are needed to more fully explicate how they may moderate the associations between stress and aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T06:00:48Z","timestamp":1615874448000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Stress and aging: A neurovisceral integration perspective"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Julian F.","family":"Thayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Mather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Leonard Davis School of Gerontology University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1009-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Experimental Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Centre for Psychosocial Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065\u2010019\u201009398\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.08.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.09.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089\u20102680.10.3.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15030464"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1801024115"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.2006.00467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.2006.00467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021285"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096\u20103445.132.2.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.80.1.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616646305"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","volume-title":"The expression of the emotions in man and animals","author":"Darwin C.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn140"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109687"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.105070"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015950108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.568051"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508831112"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5506\u201012.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3252\u201009.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn232"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.85.2.348"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000106884.58744.09"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsp034"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6372092"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1214.660","article-title":"Evolution and dissolution of the nervous system. 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