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We assessed neurophysiological and perceptual responses to endurance exercise performed under experimentally induced muscle pain by a model that separates muscle pain from muscle fatigue. After a series of pilot studies investigating different hypertonic saline volumes, 17 healthy males performed a preliminary VO<jats:sub>2PEAK<\/jats:sub> test before performing a familiarization of the cycling time\u2010to\u2010exhaustion exercise (80% of the peak power output in the VO<jats:sub>2PEAK<\/jats:sub> test). Participants, performed a baseline exercise session before the sessions with hypertonic and isotonic saline injections in the vastus lateralis of both legs, in a crossover and counterbalanced design. Neurophysiological and perceptual responses such as electroencephalography (EEG) in frontal, prefrontal, parietal, and motor cortex, electromyography (EMG) of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscles, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), pain sensation, and affective valence were measured at rest and during exercise. The hypertonic injection reduced the resting EEG alpha\u2010beta ratio in the frontal and prefrontal cortex. When compared to exercise performed after the isotonic injection (430.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0152.6 s), hypertonic injection shortened the time\u2010to\u2010exhaustion (357.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0173.0 s), reduced the EMG of the assessed muscles, and increased the muscle co\u2010contraction during exercise. The hypertonic injection also reduced the EEG alpha\u2010beta ratio in the prefrontal and parietal cortex, increased RPE and pain sensation, and reduced affective valence during exercise. This proof\u2010of\u2010concept study showed that hypertonic injection\u2010induced muscle pain reduced endurance performance, promoting centrally mediated alterations in motor command and cortical activation, as well as an interplay of perceptual responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,13]],"date-time":"2021-03-13T17:21:32Z","timestamp":1615656092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effects of experimentally induced muscle pain on endurance performance: A proof\u2010of\u2010concept study assessing neurophysiological and perceptual responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5872-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul","family":"Canestri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Estev\u00e3o","family":"Franco\u2010Alvarenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo Santos Brazil"},{"name":"Est\u00e1cio de S\u00e1 University (UNESA) Resende Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cayque","family":"Brietzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo Santos 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