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A prominent signal in these recordings is broadband high\u2010frequency activity (approx. 70\u2013150\u00a0Hz), generally considered to reflect neuronal excitation. Here we explored the use of this broadband signal to track, on a single\u2010trial basis, the temporal and spatial distribution of task\u2010engaged areas involved in decision\u2010making. We additionally focused on the alpha rhythm (8\u201314\u00a0Hz), thought to regulate the (dis)engagement of neuronal populations based on task demands. Using these signals, we characterized activity across cortex using intracranial recordings in patients with intractable epilepsy performing the Multi\u2010Source Interference Task, a Stroop\u2010like decision\u2010making paradigm. We analyzed recordings both from grid electrodes placed over cortical areas including frontotemporal and parietal cortex, and depth electrodes in prefrontal regions, including cingulate cortex. We found a widespread negative relationship between alpha power and broadband activity, substantiating the gating role of alpha in regions beyond sensory\/motor cortex. Combined, these signals reflect the spatio\u2010temporal pattern of task\u2010engagement, with alpha decrease signifying task\u2010involved regions and broadband increase temporally locking to specific task aspects, distributed over cortical sites. We report sites that only respond to stimulus presentation or to the decision report and, interestingly, sites that reflect the time\u2010on\u2010task. The latter predict the subject\u2019s reaction times on a trial\u2010by\u2010trial basis. A smaller subset of sites showed modulation with task condition. Taken together, alpha and broadband signals allow tracking of neuronal population dynamics across cortex on a fine temporal and spatial scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T11:39:45Z","timestamp":1626781185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Alpha and broadband high\u2010frequency activity track task dynamics and predict performance in controlled decision\u2010making"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9676-6275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saskia","family":"Haegens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Division, Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation Nathan Kline Institute  Orangeburg NY USA"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yagna J.","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4323-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elliot H.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles B.","family":"Mikell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett 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University Medical Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Division, Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation Nathan Kline Institute  Orangeburg NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer A.","family":"Sheth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX 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