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Yet, it is still unknown which specific symptoms or traits best explain ERN variation. This study investigated performance\u2010monitoring in participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0100) recruited across a spectrum of obsessive\u2013compulsive characteristics (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a026 patients with OCD; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a074 healthy participants including <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a024 with low, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a024 with medium, and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a026 with high OC\u2010characteristics). Several compulsivity\u2010 and anxiety\u2010associated characteristics were assessed and submitted to exploratory principal axis factor analysis. Associations of raw measures and derived factors with ERN and correct\u2010related negativity (CRN) were examined. Patients with OCD showed increased ERN amplitudes compared to healthy participants. The ERN was associated with a variety of traits related to anxiety and negative affect. Factor analysis results revealed a most prominent association of the ERN with a composite measure of anxiety and neuroticism, whereas the CRN was specifically associated with compulsivity. Results support differential associations for the ERN and CRN and demonstrate that a dimensional recruitment approach and use of composite measures can improve our understanding of characteristics underlying variation in neural performance monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]],"date-time":"2022-08-28T18:45:20Z","timestamp":1661712320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Associations of neural error\u2010processing with symptoms and traits in a dimensional sample recruited across the obsessive\u2013compulsive spectrum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1902-6644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Riesel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e4t Hamburg  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9762-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"H\u00e4rpfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e4t Hamburg  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5577-5274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Thoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1348-7060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Kathmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9436-6948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Klawohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medicine MSB Medical School Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aap8757"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","article-title":"Beck depression inventory\u2013II","author":"Beck A. 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