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We used MEG to explore the dynamics of movement\u2010related \u03b2\u2010oscillations while 22 adults learned, through trial and error, novel associations between four auditory pseudowords and movements of four limbs. As learning proceeded, spatial\u2013temporal characteristics of \u03b2\u2010oscillations accompanying cue\u2010triggered movements underwent a major transition. Early in learning, widespread suppression of \u03b2\u2010power occurred long before movement initiation and sustained throughout the whole behavioral trial. When learning advanced and performance reached asymptote, \u03b2\u2010suppression after the initiation of correct motor response was replaced by a rise in \u03b2\u2010power mainly in the prefrontal and medial temporal regions of the left hemisphere. This post\u2010decision \u03b2\u2010power predicted trial\u2010by\u2010trial response times (RT) at both stages of learning (before and after the rules become familiar), but with different signs of interaction. When a subject just started to acquire associative rules and gradually improved task performance, a decrease in RT correlated with the increase in the post\u2010decision \u03b2\u2010band power. When the participants implemented the already acquired rules, faster (more confident) responses were associated with the weaker post\u2010decision \u03b2\u2010band synchronization. Our findings suggest that maximal beta activity is pertinent to a distinct stage of learning and may serve to strengthen the newly learned association in a distributed memory network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,12]],"date-time":"2023-03-12T08:15:17Z","timestamp":1678608917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Learning of new associations invokes a major change in modulations of cortical beta oscillations in human adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4072-3169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Pavlova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center) Moscow State University of Psychology and Education  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"Department of Psychology HSE University  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikita","family":"Tyulenev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center) Moscow State University of Psychology and Education  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Tretyakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center) Moscow State University of Psychology and Education  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeriya","family":"Skavronskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center) Moscow State University of Psychology and Education  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Nikolaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center) Moscow State University of Psychology and Education  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Prokofyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center) Moscow State University of Psychology and Education  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Stroganova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center) Moscow State University of Psychology and Education  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8267-3916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Chernyshev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center) Moscow State University of Psychology and Education  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"Department of Psychology HSE University  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"Department of Higher Nervous Activity Lomonosov Moscow State University  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010002\u20101255\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.17822"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469\u20108986.3710013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00801"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Bates D.(2010).lme4: Linear mixed\u2010effects models using S4 classes. 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