{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:55:50Z","timestamp":1788540950206,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/31\/N\/HS6\/03962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/31\/N\/HS6\/03962"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Evolutionary threats (ETs), such as predatory animals and heights, elicit stronger fear responses and are more often the subject of specific phobias, as compared to modern threats (MTs, such as guns and motorcycles). Since processing of ET depends on lower\u2010order, phylogenetically conserved neural fear circuits, it may be less susceptible to higher\u2010order (vs. simpler) cognitive emotion regulation. Given the relevance for treatment of specific phobias, we tested this hypothesis in an ERP study. Sixty\u2010one female participants passively watched high\u2010 and low\u2010threat pictures of evolutionary (snakes, lizards) and modern (guns, water\u2010guns) origin, and downregulated responses to the high\u2010threat pictures (snakes and guns) using either cognitive reappraisal or a simpler cognitive distraction strategy. ET elicited stronger early (EPN) and sustained (LPP) attention processing compared to MT. Both strategies successfully downregulated subjective and LPP (but not EPN) responses compared to passive watching. Although reappraisal was more effective subjectively, distraction downregulated the LPP\n                    <jats:italic>earlier<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>stronger<\/jats:italic>\n                    than reappraisal, irrespective of the threat type. These findings provide novel evidence that neural responses to physical threat might be less susceptible to cognitive emotion regulation via higher\u2010order (reappraisal) versus simpler (distraction) strategies, irrespective of the evolutionary or modern relevance of threat. Combining both strategies could be beneficial for the emotion regulation\u2010enhancing interventions for specific phobias. Distraction could be used during initial exposure, to reduce immediate emotion responding and help endure the contact with the feared stimulus, whereas reappraisal could be used subsequently, when emotions are less intense, to change maladaptive thoughts about the stimulus for future encounters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:13:14Z","timestamp":1683763994000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Reappraisal is less effective than distraction in downregulation of neural responses to physical threats\u2014An\n                    <scp>event\u2010related potential<\/scp>\n                    investigation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6670-2417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka K.","family":"Adamczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment, Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology Jagiellonian University Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1091-5485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslaw","family":"Wyczesany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology Jagiellonian University Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8863-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Roelofs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment, Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Affective Neuroscience, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0655-8067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacobien M.","family":"van Peer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment, Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415\u2010020\u201000768\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2022.108327"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691612459518"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2022.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612438559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005\u20107916(94)90063\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195169157.003.0003","volume-title":"Handbook of emotion elicitation and assessment","author":"Bradley M. 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