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Under certain conditions, such as when feedback is delayed, feedback\u2010locked activation is pronounced in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), which is associated with declarative learning. In event\u2010related potential research, the feedback\u2010related negativity (FRN) has been linked to immediate feedback processing, while the N170, possibly reflecting MTL activity, has been related to delayed feedback processing. In the current study, we performed an exploratory investigation on the relation between N170 and FRN amplitude and memory performance in a test for declarative memory (free recall), also exploring the role of feedback delay. To this end, we adapted a paradigm in which participants learned associations between non\u2010objects and non\u2010words with either immediate or delayed feedback, and added a subsequent free recall test. We indeed found that N170, but not FRN amplitudes, depended on later free recall performance, with smaller amplitudes for later remembered non\u2010words. In an additional analysis with memory performance as dependent variable, the N170, but not the FRN amplitude predicted free recall, modulated by feedback timing and valence. This finding shows that the N170 reflects an important process during feedback processing, possibly related to expectations and their violation, but is distinct from the process reflected by the FRN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T11:59:26Z","timestamp":1683287966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Learning new words via feedback\u2014Association between feedback\u2010locked <scp>ERPs<\/scp> and recall performance\u2014An exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8388-2533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Psychology Heinrich Heine University  D\u00fcsseldorf 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