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Psychological factors may contribute to threat evaluation and possibly to HBR amplitude modulation. In this study, we assessed distinctively emotional and relational aspects of personality and evaluated their associations with the HBR response, or lack thereof, in healthy subjects. Seventy\u2010one volunteers filled the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales, and the State\u2013Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y questionnaires and underwent HBR recording. We found that the HBR could be evoked only in 50.7% of all subjects (responders). Non\u2010responders subjects showed higher scores in the avoidance dimension (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.005), and lower scores in the care dimension (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.008), compared with responders. In responders, regression analysis showed a negative association of HBR amplitude (difference in near vs. far responses) with anger dimension and a positive association with state anxiety (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.239). A positive association also emerged with HBR latency and fear dimension (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.419). We conclude that primary emotional and relational factors may play an important role in the modulation of brainstem circuits mediating the HBR response. Our results may also contribute to the question about the absence of the HBR in about half of the subjects since high\u2010level cognitive processes seem to play an important role in the differentiation between responder and non\u2010responder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T07:20:13Z","timestamp":1693984813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hand\u2010blink reflex modulation: The role of primary emotions and attachment dimensions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4470-9110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beniamina","family":"Mercante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Sassari  Sassari 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