{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T14:27:26Z","timestamp":1792333646525,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VI.C.181.032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VI.C.181.032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The vagus nerve is thought to be involved in the allostatic regulation of motivation and energy metabolism via gut\u2010brain interactions. A recent study by Neuser and colleagues (2020) provided novel evidence for this process in humans, by reporting a positive effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on the invigoration of reward\u2010seeking behaviors, especially for food rewards. We conducted an independent direct replication of Neuser et\u00a0al. (2020), to assess the robustness of their findings. Following the original study, we used a single\u2010blind, sham\u2010controlled, randomized cross\u2010over design. We applied left\u2010sided taVNS in healthy human volunteers (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200940), while they performed an effort allocation task in which they had to work for monetary and food rewards. The replication study was purely confirmatory in that it strictly followed the analysis plans and scripts used by Neuser et\u00a0al. Although, in line with Neuser et\u00a0al., we found strong effects of task variables on effort invigoration and effort maintenance, we failed to replicate their key finding: taVNS did not increase the strength of invigoration (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.62); the data were five times more likely (BF\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.19) under the null hypothesis. We also found substantial evidence against an effect of taVNS on effort maintenance (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.50; BF\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.20). Our results provide evidence against the idea that left\u2010sided taVNS boosts the motivational drive to work for rewards. Our study also highlights the need for direct replications of influential taVNS studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T06:06:54Z","timestamp":1699510014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Non\u2010invasive vagus nerve stimulation and the motivation to work for rewards: A replication of Neuser et\u00a0al.\u00a0(2020,\n                    <i>Nature Communications<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2171-3210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Lucchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology Leiden University  Leiden the 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