{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T03:12:43Z","timestamp":1788491563866,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]],"date-time":"2024-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP210101977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP210101977"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013102","name":"Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CE140100007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CE140100007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018694","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["796329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["796329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given experience in cluttered but stable visual environments, our eye\u2010movements form stereotyped routines that sample task\u2010relevant locations, while not mixing\u2010up routines between similar task\u2010settings. Both dopamine signaling and mindfulness have been posited as factors that influence the formation of such routines, yet quantification of their impact remains to be tested in healthy humans. Over two sessions, participants searched through grids of doors to find hidden targets, using a gaze\u2010contingent display. Within each session, door scenes appeared in either one of two colors, with each color signaling a differing set of likely target locations. We derived measures for how well target locations were learned (target\u2010accuracy), how routine were sets of eye\u2010movements (stereotypy), and the extent of interference between the two scenes (setting\u2010accuracy). Participants completed two sessions, where they were administered either levodopa (dopamine precursor) or placebo (vitamin C), under double\u2010blind counterbalanced conditions. Dopamine and trait mindfulness (assessed by questionnaire) interacted to influence both target\u2010accuracy and stereotypy. Increasing dopamine improved accuracy and reduced stereotypy for high mindfulness scorers, but induced the opposite pattern for low mindfulness scorers. Dopamine also disrupted setting\u2010accuracy invariant to mindfulness. Our findings show that mindfulness modulates the impact of dopamine on the target\u2010accuracy and stereotypy of eye\u2010movement routines, whereas increasing dopamine promotes interference between task\u2010settings, regardless of mindfulness. These findings provide a link between non\u2010human and human models regarding the influence of dopamine on the formation of task\u2010relevant eye\u2010movement routines and provide novel insights into behavior\u2010trait factors that modulate the use of experience when building adaptive repertoires.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]],"date-time":"2024-04-28T23:44:35Z","timestamp":1714347875000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessing the influence of dopamine and mindfulness on the formation of routines in visual search"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0690-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly G.","family":"Garner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology University of Queensland  Saint Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Ann","family":"Leow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Queensland  Saint Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Queensland  Saint Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Brain Health University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta I.","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences and Graeme Clark Institute for Biomedical Engineering University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Dux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Queensland  Saint Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671\u2010017\u20100732\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191105283504"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044\u20108341.1974.tb02285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1185778"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1611146114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2014.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2022.101821"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1278\u201012.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3364"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010010\u20105728\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/11.12.1136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Buddhist suttas","author":"Davids T. W. R.","year":"1900"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67778"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013470107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460\u20109568.2012.08050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0482"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2015.00136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2023.100381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1971122part2376"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827\u2010005\u20105705\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877\u2010199807000\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.101972"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2019.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201043474\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.10.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2015.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0001246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leow L.\u2010A. Bernheine L. Carroll T. J. Dux P. E. &Filmer H. L.(2023).Dopamine increases accuracy and lengthens deliberation time in explicit motor skill learning.bioRxivhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.01.31.526542","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.01.31.526542"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010004\u20101899\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","unstructured":"Morey R. D. Rouder J. N. Jamil T. Urbanek S. Forner K. &Ly A.(2023).BayesFactor: Computation of Bayes factors for common designs."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201099350\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4305\u201005.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097\u20104679(199511)51:6<768::aid\u2010jclp2270510607>3.0.co;2\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6028\u201009.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xan0000352"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592\u2010023\u201002145\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmp.2012.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated development environment for r","author":"RStudio Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2012.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13\u201003\u201000900.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721416665085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20237"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2016.18.1\/ksmith"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","unstructured":"Stan Development Team. (2023).RStan: The R interface to Stan."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","unstructured":"Stan Development Team. (2024).Stan modeling language users guide and reference manual 2.34.https:\/\/mc\u2010stan.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","volume-title":"Reinforcement learning: An introduction","author":"Sutton R. S.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.63226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222\u2010016\u20109696\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010016\u20104322\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35083500"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079\u20106123(10)83014\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.03.042"}],"container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psyp.14571","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psyp.14571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T04:31:17Z","timestamp":1760157077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/psyp.14571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/psyp.14571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.14571","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-5772","1469-8986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-5772","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14571"}}