{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T03:01:14Z","timestamp":1785553274965,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Numerous studies have established a correlation between social anxiety and poor cognitive control. However, little is known about the cognitive control pattern of individuals with high social anxiety (HSAs) and the underlying mechanisms. Based on the Dual Mechanisms of Control framework and the Expected Value of Control theory, this study explored whether HSAs have an impaired cognitive control pattern (Experiment 1) and whether motivational deficiencies underlie the impaired control pattern (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 21 individuals with low social anxiety (LSAs) and 21 HSAs completed an AX\u2010Continuous Performance Task. Results showed that HSAs had a smaller P3b amplitude than LSAs, indicating their weakened proactive control in the cue processing stage, but a larger contingent negative variation (CNV) on cue B as compensation for the negative effects of anxiety in the response preparation stage. No group difference was found in N2 and P3a amplitude on probes, suggesting that reactive control in HSAs was not affected compared to LSAs. In Experiment 2, 21 LSAs and 21 HSAs completed a cued\u2010flanker task, where the likelihood of proactive control engagement was manipulated. The results revealed that HSAs exhibited motivation deficiencies in engaging in proactive control, as evidenced by P3b, CNV amplitude, and response times. These findings shed light on the impaired cognitive control pattern of HSAs and suggest that motivational deficiencies may be the crucial underlying factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T15:35:21Z","timestamp":1714577721000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Connection of social anxiety to impaired pattern of cognitive control and underlying motivational deficiencies: Evidence from event\u2010related potentials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Ruonan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology Capital Normal University  Beijing P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology Capital Normal University  Beijing P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Tsinghua University  Beijing P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chieh","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Psychology Northeastern University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyang","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology Capital Normal University  Beijing P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Shangguan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology Capital Normal University  Beijing P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5963-6669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lixia","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology Capital Normal University  Beijing P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000712608X377117"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.83.4.817"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory\u2010II","author":"Beck A. T.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721415622634"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010psych\u2010010814\u2010015044"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.624"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808187106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940203300308"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2015.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00782"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.124.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2016.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021\u2010843x.108.1.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415\u2010014\u20100302\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2013.853446"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","volume-title":"The cognitive effects of social exclusion in social anxiety","author":"Deros D. E.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010psych\u2010113011\u2010143750"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709990766"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528\u20103542.7.2.336"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578\u2010021\u201001150\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2009.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.149880"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201021315\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.02.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.525"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2020.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565640903526504"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00347"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Psychometric investigation of Liebowitz social anxiety scale","volume":"2","author":"He Y.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u2010295X.109.4.679"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","volume-title":"To test the factor structure and criterion validity of the Chinese version of Beck Depression Scale (BDI\u2010II\u2010C) in Chinese college students","author":"Jiang S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033531"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089910"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21340"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2018.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000414022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9628787"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2005.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00466"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24348"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201023671\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119582"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013643"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2015.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916\u2010017\u20100889\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2015.05.008"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"The need to report effect size estimates revisited. An overview of some recommended measures of effect size","volume":"1","author":"Tomczak M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"TRENDS in Sport Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261172"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2021.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24970"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02570"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00120"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001294"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2020.00049"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_1","volume-title":"A study on the influence of trait anxiety on cognitive control","author":"Zhang B.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_1","volume-title":"Investigating the impact of female personal relative deprivation on cognitive control","author":"Zhang L.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2023.108508"}],"container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psyp.14598","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]],"date-time":"2024-08-17T07:07:55Z","timestamp":1723878475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/psyp.14598"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/psyp.14598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.14598","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-5772","1469-8986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-5772","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14598"}}