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This study investigated whether similar rearrangement occurs during life stress accompanying chronic disease by analyzing also associations between cortisol level and cardiovascular variables in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). In 47 women with FM and 36 healthy women (HW), cardiovascular recordings were taken during active body posture changes (sitting, lying down, and standing). Moreover, hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was obtained. During standing, which involved orthostatic challenge, FM patients showed higher total peripheral resistance (TPR) but lower stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and baroreflex sensitivity than HW. During sitting and lying down, TPR was more closely associated with blood pressure (BP) than CO in FM patients; in contrast, CO was more closely associated with BP than TPR in HW. HCC correlated positively with TPR and BP in FM patients, but negatively with TPR and BP and positively with SV and CO in HW. Results suggest that chronic disease\u2010related stress is associated with alterations in cardiovascular regulation toward greater involvement of vascular than cardiac mechanisms in BP control. Stress\u2010related cortisol release may contribute to the long\u2010term rearrangement of autonomic regulation. At the behavioral level, the dominance of vascular over cardiovascular control may relate to reduced somatic mobilization during an active fight\u2010flight response in favor of passive and behaviorally immobile coping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T12:45:48Z","timestamp":1720615548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Long\u2010term stress exposure, cortisol level and cardiovascular activity and reactivity: Observations in patients with fibromyalgia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2188-8673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo A.","family":"Reyes del Paso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Ja\u00e9n  Ja\u00e9n 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