{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T13:48:39Z","timestamp":1770299319790,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dyspnea testifies to profound suffering in patients and its relief is a priority for caregivers. This can be achieved by correcting causative disorders (\u201cetiopathogenic\u201d approach) or targeting the dyspnea itself (\u201csymptomatic\u201d approach), as is done for pain. Empathetic solicitude from caregivers has an intrinsic analgesic effect, but its effects on dyspnea have not been formally documented. This study tests the hypothesis that the empathetic solicitude behavior of a caregiver during experimental induction of acute and intense dyspnea would have a mitigating effect. In a double\u2010blind, randomized, controlled experimental trial, 80 healthy participants were assigned to a neutral behavior arm or a solicitude behavior arm. During two successive visits (V1 and V2), dyspnea was induced through CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010rebreathing and (i) assessed in an immediate manner using 10\u2009cm affective and sensory visual analog scales (A\u2010VAS and S\u2010VAS) and (ii) post hoc using the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP). A\u2010VAS ratings at the end of the dyspnea challenge were significantly lower at V2 in the \u201csolicitude behavior\u201d arm than in the \u201cneutral behavior\u201d arm (6.69 [3.825\u20139.67] vs. 8.05 [6.43\u201310],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.039). There were no significant differences between arms regarding S\u2010VAS. MDP analysis showed that CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010rebreathing induced dyspnea of the air hunger type, with statistically significant reductions in its intensity and both the sensory and affective dimensions of dyspnea. This study shows that empathetic solicitude can reduce the affective and sensory dimensions of experimentally induced dyspnea in healthy volunteers. Future studies should evaluate the impact of empathetic solicitude on clinical dyspnea.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:18:16Z","timestamp":1733271496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Empathetic solicitude attenuates the affective and sensory dimensions of\n                    <scp>\n                      CO\n                      <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    \u2010induced dyspnea: A randomized parallel arm experimental trial in healthy humans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3246-5534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Nion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique  Paris France"},{"name":"AP\u2010HP Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP\u2010Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, D\u00e9partement R3S  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9370-7301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie\u2010C\u00e9cile","family":"Ni\u00e9rat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6344-6913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Lavault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique  Paris France"},{"name":"AP\u2010HP Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP\u2010Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, H\u00f4pital 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France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4786-5872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laure","family":"Serresse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique  Paris France"},{"name":"AP\u2010HP Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP\u2010Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Service \u201cSoins Palliatifs, Accompagnement et Soins de Support\u201d  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2868-9279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Similowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique  Paris France"},{"name":"AP\u2010HP Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP\u2010Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, H\u00f4pital 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