{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T22:52:45Z","timestamp":1761173565018,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Panic disorder (PD) may accompany elevated social avoidance and distress (SAD). Higher SAD in patients with PD predicts a poorer prognosis and response to treatment. As heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the self\u2010regulatory capacity underlying SAD, applying HRV to distinguish PD heterogeneity would be clinically beneficial in formulating personalized treatment strategies. We hypothesized that HRV would be lower in patients with PD and severe SAD (PD\u2010SAD group) than in those without SAD (PD group). A total of 288 patients met the eligibility criteria, with complete collection of variables of interest and HRV. The inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method was used to balance the groups for the baseline characteristics of patients. Following IPTW adjustment, the average treatment effects were computed using inverse propensity weighting with regression adjustment (IPW\u2010RA). All characteristics were similar in both groups after IPTW adjustment. The PD\u2010SAD group showed a decreased tendency in time domain parameters, including mean heart rate, SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50 with a nonlinear domain of SD1. However, no significant intergroup differences were observed in the frequency domain. Higher SAD in PD was associated with reduced HRV, mainly in the time domain, which may be attributed to the shared neural networks between dysfunctional self\u2010regulation statuses, as indexed by reduced HRV. As respiratory sinus arrhythmia is mainly reflected in the frequency domain, the time domain may be more reliable for identifying heterogeneity within patients with PD, who are frequently associated with respiratory pattern abnormalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T06:27:15Z","timestamp":1733812035000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A propensity score\u2010adjusted\n                    <scp>HRV<\/scp>\n                    analysis of social avoidance and distress in patients with panic disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1487-5882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joonbeom","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Social Welfare Kangnam University  Yong\u2010in Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6283-1315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinsil","family":"Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6721-399X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jooyoung","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070468"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089\u20102680.10.3.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Psychopathology history, diagnosis and empirical foundations","author":"Arch J. J.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712002383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"141","volume-title":"The neurotic paradox: Progress in understanding and treating anxiety and related disorders","author":"Barlow D. H.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608\u2010009\u20109235\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202109\u20101036OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.791498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.879166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/THC\u2010199037"},{"volume-title":"Panic Disorder","year":"2023","author":"Cackovic C.","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54178\/2768\u20105985.2022a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13356"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25573"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2005.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044\u20108341.1959.tb00467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11477\/mf.1416202169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608\u2010017\u20109876\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005\u20107967(94)90121\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005\u20107967(88)90074\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Are all measures created equal? Heart rate variability and respiration","volume":"45","author":"Hill L. K.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044\u20108341.1997.tb01907.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.12.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201039931\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12573"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583\u2010200104000\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157557"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030777"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S153005"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","first-page":"254","article-title":"A study of the reliability and the validity of the Korean versions of social phobia scales (K\u2010SAD, K\u2010FNE)","volume":"16","author":"Lee J. G.","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014868"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2017.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888\u2010022\u201003886\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2008.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2016.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.4.758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248686"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714001767"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2023.101835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2012.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36131\/cn20200220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0167\u20108760(01)00162\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.05.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.103.042404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023334"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2012.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018614"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006\u20103223(02)01866\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.11.1571"},{"volume-title":"Advances in psychology research","year":"2007","author":"Shoenberger D.","key":"e_1_2_10_62_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12516"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The state\u2010trait anxiety inventory","volume":"5","author":"Spielberger C. D.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Revista Interamericana de Psicologia\/Interamerican Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2018.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005\u20107967(97)00071\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00328"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2016.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0027806"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Overview of panic and social anxiety disorders","volume":"65","author":"Westenberg H. G.","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00261"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0039373"}],"container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psyp.14746","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T06:27:55Z","timestamp":1761114475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/psyp.14746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/psyp.14746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.14746","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-5772","1469-8986"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0048-5772"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-8986"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14746"}}