{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:19:39Z","timestamp":1791875979915,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002283","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SRF2018B\u2010004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRF2018B\u2010004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZS\/2016\/04\/78113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZS\/2016\/04\/78113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The decline in noradrenergic (NE) locus coeruleus (LC) function in aging is thought to be implicated in episodic memory decline. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), which supports LC function, might serve to preserve or improve memory function in aging. However, taVNS effects are generally very heterogeneous, and it is currently unclear whether taVNS has an effect on memory. In this study, an emotional memory task with negative events involving the LC\u2010NE system was combined with the short burst of event\u2010related taVNS (3\u2009s) in younger adults (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200924). The aim was to investigate taVNS\u2010induced changes in pupil dilation during encoding and possible taVNS\u2010induced improvements in (emotional) memory performance for early and delayed (24\u2009h) recognition. Negative events were associated with increased pupil dilation and better memory performance. Additionally, real as compared to sham or no stimulation selectively increased memory for negative events. Short bursts of stimulation, whether real or sham, led to an increase in pupil dilation and an improvement in memory performance over time, likely due to the attention\u2010inducing sensory modulation of electrical stimulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T03:00:16Z","timestamp":1736996416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Stimulate to Remember? The Effects of Short Burst of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (\n                    <scp>taVNS<\/scp>\n                    ) on Memory Performance and Pupil Dilation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0242-8276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mareike","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research Otto\u2010von\u2010Guericke University Magdeburg  Magdeburg Germany"},{"name":"CBBS Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences  Magdeburg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Otto\u2010von\u2010Guericke University Magdeburg  Magdeburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center  Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf, Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Betts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research Otto\u2010von\u2010Guericke University Magdeburg  Magdeburg Germany"},{"name":"CBBS Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences  Magdeburg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Otto\u2010von\u2010Guericke University Magdeburg  Magdeburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"H\u00e4mmerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research Otto\u2010von\u2010Guericke University Magdeburg  Magdeburg Germany"},{"name":"CBBS Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences  Magdeburg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Otto\u2010von\u2010Guericke University Magdeburg  Magdeburg Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience University College London  London UK"},{"name":"The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2015635117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(03)00143-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.18.2.379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2019.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13571"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03199665"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/377295a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.09.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1998.3863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.02.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2022.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-011-0064-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0538"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.104166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(02)00015-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.568051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720005073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(96)00967-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","unstructured":"Fox J. S.Weisberg B.Price et\u00a0al.2023.\u201ccar: Companion to Applied Regression.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00308-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1712268115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2727602"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","unstructured":"Harrell F. E. Jr. andC.Dupont.2024.\u201cHmisc: Harrell Miscellaneous.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.118.1.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.112975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.52059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.01.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","volume-title":"Attention and Effort","author":"Kahneman D.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47961-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-016-0360-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"lmerTest Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models","volume":"82","author":"Kuznetsova A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Open Source Software"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","unstructured":"Lang P. J.1995.\u201cInternational Affective Picture System (IAPS): Technical Manual and Affective Ratings.\u201dThe Center for Research in Psychophysiology University of Florida (1995)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-018-0344-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","unstructured":"Lenth R. V.2023.\u201cR Package emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72179-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2021.102900"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06446-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12282"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903580105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X15000667"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X16000017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691611400234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","article-title":"A Simple Way to Reconstruct Pupil Size During Eye Blinks","author":"Math\u00f4t S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"figshare"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-1007-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-022-01957-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2018.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21730-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2021.105813"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2011.01226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1152064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.1089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13289"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2010.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157015908785777229"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2573"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1361-20.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.5.197","article-title":"Age\u2010Related Changes in Locus Ceruleus on Neuromelanin Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3 Tesla","volume":"5","author":"Shibata E.","year":"2006","journal-title":"MRMS: An Official Journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","unstructured":"Singmann H. B.Bolker J.Westfall et\u00a0al.2023.\u201cafex: Analysis of Factorial Experiments.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2024.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1001-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404282101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000359"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-3-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803716115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2329-20.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","unstructured":"Wickham H. W.Chang L.Henry et\u00a0al.2023.\u201cggplot2: Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.107.6.955"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.91465.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12541"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00086"}],"container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psyp.14753","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T07:19:26Z","timestamp":1759907966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/psyp.14753"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/psyp.14753"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.14753","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-5772","1469-8986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-5772","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14753"}}