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One proposed measure is the breath\u2010counting task (BCT), which measures how accurately one can count cycles of their breath. Breath counting, which involves sustained attention, meta\u2010awareness, and an internal locus of attention, has been shown in adults to be related to measures of mindfulness even when controlling for established attentional measures. In this study, we test the psychometrics of the BCT in a convenience sample of 78 adolescents with elevated rumination. In preregistered analyses, we related breath\u2010counting measures, including novel objective respiration measures, to a suite of self\u2010report measures as well as the sustained attention to response task (SART). While breath\u2010counting performance showed fair split\u2010half reliability and similar distributions to studies in adults, it did not show the expected positive associations with self\u2010reported mindfulness measures (neither trait nor EMA). Surprisingly, breath\u2010counting accuracy showed negative correlations with a subscale measuring observing of emotions and body sensations, negative correlations with nonreactivity, and performance decrements were larger for individuals scoring more highly on mindfulness in general. The SART showed a small negative correlation with breath\u2010counting resets (an index of mind\u2010wandering). Finally, breath\u2010counting performance was not related to other theoretically relevant clinical, personality, and executive functioning criteria. Our results suggest that, at least in ruminative adolescents, breath\u2010counting may measure a very narrow, contextual form of sustained attention, may not capture other qualities of mindfulness, and may lack predictive validity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T07:49:34Z","timestamp":1746517774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Limited Validity of Breath\u2010Counting as a Measure of Mindfulness in Ruminative Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7802-6145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac N.","family":"Treves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts 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