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To construct an updated assessment about the gravitational consequences and change gait patterns accordingly, the central nervous system (CNS) integrates multiple sensorial cues, including vestibular and proprioceptive (i.e., body\u2010based cues) and visual. Not much is known about the contribution of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to locomotion regulation, especially when multiple types of sensorial cues are involved. Here we examine the responsiveness of the ANS, as reflected by cardiac reactivity, for example heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), to coherent versus non\u2010coherent sensorimotor signaling. Fourteen healthy young participants completed level, uphill, and downhill self\u2010paced walking trials in a virtual reality (VR) environment in which the incline of the visual scene was either congruent or incongruent with the physical incline of the walking surface. We found that during level walking, incongruent visual cues (i.e., up\/downhill scenery) triggered alterations in ANS balance, reflected in HRV decrease and in a residual increase of HR. Taken together with the fact that an ultimate change in gait patterns requires alterations in cardiac resources, we speculate that ANS function and its responsive modes of action are, in fact, facilitating adaptive behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T06:34:54Z","timestamp":1748414094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reactivity of the Autonomic Nervous System During Visual\u2010Physical Incongruent Walking Conditions\u2014A Virtual Reality Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8491-0793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adi","family":"Lustig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center  Tel HaShomer Israel"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv\u2010Yafo Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Benady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center  Tel HaShomer Israel"},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar\u2010Ilan University  Ramat Gan Israel"},{"name":"Orthopedic Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Anthropology Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Gilaie\u2010Dotan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar\u2010Ilan University  Ramat Gan Israel"},{"name":"The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar\u2010Ilan University  Ramat\u2010Gan Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meir","family":"Plotnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center  Tel HaShomer Israel"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv\u2010Yafo Israel"},{"name":"Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-006-0119-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814601-9.00011-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1055445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01145.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-017-4942-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.632594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.615242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62272-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.98.4.459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2008.00652.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4011-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107793.2000.00657.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00286"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01438-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00638-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2021.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2020.585993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12020153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Is the Normal Heartbeat Chaotic or Homeostatic?","volume":"6","author":"Goldberger A. 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