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Improving motor learning and recovery in patients with motor disorders involves both ME and MI. Although ME and MI share the same motor brain network, multiple studies show differences in motor\u2010related cortical activity regarding amplitude, timing, and fatigue. Movement\u2010related cortical potentials (MRCPs) and event\u2010related desynchronization (ERD) are key motor\u2010related cortical activities in time and frequency domains. These are used to characterize and monitor neuromotor pathologies through averaging techniques. However, a sufficient number of trials is needed for cortical activity averaging, which may prolong tasks and induce patient fatigue, potentially affecting the results. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of the number of trials on MRCPs and ERD mu and beta bands during upper\u2010limb movements: elbow flexion\/extension, forearm pronation\/supination, and hand open\/close. Differences between ME and MI were assessed using Monte Carlo analysis of motor\u2010related cortical features, scalp topography activity, and low\u2010resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). The impact of reduced trials varied by movement and feature. Certain differences between ME and MI became statistically nonsignificant with fewer trials. Hand opening\/closing and ERD in the mu band were most sensitive to reduced trials. Results were supported by topographic maps and LORETA images, linking reduced trials to increased intersubject variability. These findings highlight the need for an optimal number of trials to ensure reliable outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T05:25:44Z","timestamp":1749619544000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessing Motor Cortical Activity: How Repetitions Impact Motor Execution and Imagery Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1999-0185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Borr\u00e0s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Department of Automatic Control (ESAII) Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER\u2010BBN)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Department of Automatic Control (ESAII) Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER\u2010BBN)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leidy Y.","family":"Serna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Department of Automatic Control (ESAII) Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER\u2010BBN)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan F.","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Department of Automatic Control (ESAII) Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER\u2010BBN)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Bachiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Department of Automatic Control (ESAII) Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER\u2010BBN)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Ma\u00f1anas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Department of Automatic Control (ESAII) Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER\u2010BBN)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9971-3566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Department of Automatic Control (ESAII) Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER\u2010BBN)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"531","volume-title":"Power Changes of EEG Signals Associated With Muscle Fatigue: The Root Mean Square Analysis of EEG Bands, Proceedings of the 2004 Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing Conference","author":"Abdul\u2010latif A. 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