{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:53:02Z","timestamp":1790139182292,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wearable devices are increasingly used to evaluate psychophysiological markers of anxiety for continuous health monitoring. Consumer\u2010grade wearable devices, such as Fitbits, have the potential for widespread use and dissemination given their affordability and accessibility for both research and clinical settings. However, the validation of consumer\u2010grade devices against research\u2010grade devices is required. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy of the Fitbit Charge 5 against a research\u2010grade wearable device, the Equivital EQ02, in measuring psychophysiological parameters of anxiety, specifically heart rate (HR) and electrodermal activity (EDA). Fifty\u2010five undergraduate students (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200919.4, SD<jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20091.6, 46% female) wore both Fitbit and Equivital devices whilst completing social stressor and reading tasks. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant moderate correlations between the two devices for heart rate (HR) estimates (rs = 0.45\u20130.58) and low to moderate correlations for electrodermal activity (EDA) estimates (rs = 0.42\u20130.50). Intraclass correlations were moderate for both HR (ICCs = 0.53\u20130.72) and EDA (ICCs = 0.46\u20130.64) across conditions (ps &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, Bland\u2013Altman analyses revealed that the Fitbit showed a pattern of underestimation of HR (ranging from 24 to 32\u2009bpm) and overestimation of EDA (ranging from \u221212.92 to 10.29\u2009\u03bcS) compared to the Equivital. These findings highlight potential reliability concerns with the Fitbit Charge 5 in measuring physiological data. While the device may have some utility in assessing HR and EDA, it is crucial to approach the interpretation of data from consumer\u2010grade wearable devices with caution due to potential accuracy limitations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:40:58Z","timestamp":1753868458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Validation of the Fitbit Charge 5 for the Detection of Heart Rate and Electrodermal Activity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3260-6061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1912-820X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genevieve","family":"McArthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for the Advancement of Literacy, Australian Catholic University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Dyslexia\u2013SPELD Foundation Literacy and Clinical Services  South Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2212-507X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carly","family":"Johnco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2016.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Anxiety Disorders: DSM\u20105 Selections","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781911623038.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192691"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-1126-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"The Macquarie University Advanced Adult Spelling Test (MAAST)","author":"Caruana N.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22010151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/20738"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Conway D. I.Dick Z.Li Y.Wang andF.Chen.2013.\u201cThe Effect of Stress on Cognitive Load Measurement.\u201dIn Human\u2010Computer Interaction\u2013INTERACT 2013: 14th IFIP TC 13 International Conference Cape Town South Africa September 2\u20136 2013 Proceedings Part IV 14 pp.659\u2013666.Springer."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2017.1413578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.7043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/30791"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2015.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v7.i4.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21103461"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282162"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","volume-title":"Applied Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Hinkle D. 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TECHNICAL REPORT (T22\u201006)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010017\u20104888\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37547"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23135847"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spielberger C. D.1983.\u201cState\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI\u2013AD) [Database Record].\u201d","DOI":"10.1037\/t06496-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0829573515594334"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","volume-title":"TOWRE\u20102 Test of Word Reading Efficiency","author":"Torgesen J. 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