{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:10:28Z","timestamp":1788581428391,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Individuals experiencing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) show heightened attention to threat, as suggested by greater amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP). However, amplitude measurements do not fully capitalize on the high temporal resolution of EEG. Specifically, amplitude does not reflect the rate of change in the LPP over a window of interest, which may be important to understand LPP dynamics in individuals with GAD. Indeed, this rate of change of the LPP (i.e., LPP slope) may reflect attentional orienting. The current study leveraged multilevel models to examine the LPP in relation to GAD symptoms. We hypothesized that more\u2010positive LPP slopes to threat images will be associated with GAD symptoms from 400 to 700\u2009ms. Participants (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009105) passively viewed blocks consisting of threatening or neutral images during EEG recording. Participant\u2010level LPP slopes were estimated using and extracted from multilevel models, and the extracted slopes were examined. LPP slopes were reliable, but they only weakly correlated with mean amplitudes\u2014suggesting LPP slopes may capture an attentional process that could be distinct from that captured by mean amplitudes. When considered as concurrent predictors of GAD, in an early window of the LPP (400\u2013700 ms), the conjunction of the threat\u2010LPP slope and the threat\u2010LPP mean amplitude explained three times as much variance in GAD symptoms as mean amplitude did alone. During a later window of the LPP (700\u20132000 ms), more\u2010negative LPP slope responses to threat were also related to GAD symptomology. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the relationship between the threat\u2010LPP slope and GAD symptoms was largely robust to measurement confounds. Together, the current study is the first to identify that LPP slope is uniquely related to GAD symptoms. Our data further suggest that LPP slope is a unique measure of the broader LPP response that warrants further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T07:34:16Z","timestamp":1759217656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Temporal Dynamics of Attention to Threat and\n                    <scp>GAD<\/scp>\n                    Symptoms: A Study of\n                    <scp>LPP<\/scp>\n                    Slopes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3887-9128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Swanson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3825-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matt R.","family":"Judah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0827-4669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant S.","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14646"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428112470848"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2022.108475"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010psych\u2010010814\u2010015044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2018.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301\u20100511(99)00044\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.2008.00723.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13484"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42113\u2010023\u201000167\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2014.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144\u2010022\u201003139\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2014.940781"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13570"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.6.4.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2023.108718"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","volume-title":"International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Instruction Manual and Affective Ratings, Technical Report A\u20108","author":"Lang P. 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