{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:13:38Z","timestamp":1773285218302,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PZ00P1_216471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PZ00P1_216471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study tested the effect of frontal hemispheric asymmetry (FHA) on mental effort in tasks of fixed and unfixed difficulty. To manipulate FHA, we applied high\u2010definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD\u2010tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and assessed its impact on cardiovascular responses. Forty\u2010three participants performed two task conditions: (a) a fixed, easy task with a 50% accuracy criterion for success and (b) an unfixed, self\u2010paced task that delivered monetary rewards for each correct response. Before completing the tasks, participants received left cathodal versus right cathodal stimulation. Prior to each task, participants were told they could earn a moderate monetary incentive. We recorded cardiovascular responses, including pre\u2010ejection period (PEP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). We expected right cathodal stimulation to induce left FHA. This should lead to higher effort when task difficulty is unfixed, due to increased participants' approach motivation and success importance. By contrast, no effect of stimulation was expected in the fixed and easy condition. As predicted, PEP reactivity\u2014where more negative values indicate higher effort\u2014was stronger in the unfixed task demand following right cathodal stimulation compared to the left cathodal stimulation and both stimulation conditions when the task was fixed and easy. These findings suggest that neuromodulation of the dlPFC alters effort intensity by shifting FHA, thereby increasing the perceived importance of success, which in turn determines higher effort under unfixed task demands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T12:38:32Z","timestamp":1763987912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Brain Stimulation on Effort Is Task Dependent: Evidence From an HD\u2010tDCS Study on Cardiovascular Responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Framorando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geneva Motivation Lab, FPSE, Section of Psychology University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss Center for Affective Sciences University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Delobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geneva Motivation Lab, FPSE, Section of Psychology University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Razzetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geneva Motivation Lab, FPSE, Section of Psychology University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.2004.00156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.40.020189.000545"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Test d2","author":"Brickenkamp R.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2013.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031\u2010014\u20109437\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2019.1625884"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.67.2.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2015.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469\u20108986.00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20108624.1992.tb01657.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00781"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3283-07.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201095639\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2023.108616"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2023.112282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14495"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2018.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13436"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2019.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2025.113119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2014.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718001526"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.2011.01340.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610384149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780195399820.013.0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"373","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation","author":"Gendolla G. 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