{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:18:15Z","timestamp":1787015895876,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Working memory (WM) relies on both shared and modality\u2010specific neural resources, but the interplay between domain\u2010general and modality\u2010specific mechanisms remains debated. To address this issue, we employed a sequential delayed matching paradigm incorporating three types of stimuli: spatial dot locations (visual), auditory pure tones (non\u2010verbal auditory), and auditory consonant letters (verbal auditory). Behaviorally, auditory consonant letters yielded significantly higher accuracy compared to the other two stimulus types. Univariate GLM analyses revealed delay\u2010period activations across all conditions in a core frontoparietal network, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), insula, and cerebellum. Notably, the PPC showed enhanced activation in the visuospatial condition, whereas the insula and left superior temporal regions exhibited stronger engagement during auditory tasks\u2010highlighting modality\u2010specific contributions. ROI\u2010 and searchlight\u2010based multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) showed robust pairwise decoding but no significant three\u2010way classification, indicating linearly separable but partially overlapping representations within frontoparietal regions. Functional connectivity analyses revealed stimulus\u2010 and load\u2010dependent modulations: visuospatial WM enhanced connectivity within parietal\u2013occipital networks and between parietal and frontal control regions; auditory consonant letters strengthened connectivity with language\u2010related temporal areas, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, and left inferior frontal gyrus; auditory pure tones showed load\u2010dependent connectivity with right frontal, supramarginal, and bilateral insula networks. Together, these findings demonstrate that visual and auditory WM engage a common frontoparietal control network while simultaneously recruiting distinct modality\u2010specific regions and connectivity patterns. The results highlight that auditory\u2010verbal WM uniquely engages articulatory rehearsal circuits, supporting nested domain\u2010specific mechanisms within a shared attentional architecture. Overall, this study provides converging evidence for the integration of modality\u2010specific and domain\u2010general components of WM, reconciling multi\u2010component and embedded\u2010process models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T14:22:42Z","timestamp":1764339762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modality\u2010Specific and Cross\u2010Modal Dynamics of Working Memory Maintenance: Evidence From Auditory and Visual Stimuli"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Shenzhen University  Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center Shenzhen University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shibo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Shenzhen University  Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center Shenzhen University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianxi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Shenzhen University  Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center Shenzhen University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4457-6795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhua","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Shenzhen University  Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center Shenzhen University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-010-0257-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz3468"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-120710-100422"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-7421(08)60452-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1253-20.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.20501"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv046"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23509-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195119107.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2004.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139174909.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01003922"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20109280.2007.01960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.118927"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa111"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00180"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-103429"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038211"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.116"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","first-page":"557","article-title":"Cortical Representations of Cognitive Control and Working Memory Are Dependent Yet Non\u2010Interacting","volume":"26","author":"Harding I. 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