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Although often co\u2010occurring with other psychological and neurodevelopmental conditions such as anxiety, depression and autism spectrum disorders, alexithymia is believed to be associated with unique alterations within the socio\u2010emotional brain networks. With the semantic and neuromodulatory brainstem systems playing a key role in social and affective cognition, the current work aimed to study their contributions to alexithymia in unprecedented detail. First, we attempted to identify resting\u2010state functional connectivity patterns of the social semantic hubs (superior anterior temporal lobe) and monoamine\u2010producing regions (dorsal raphe, ventral tegmental area and locus coeruleus) linked to each alexithymia domain. Secondly, by deploying tractography and graph analysis of the associated structural network, we intended to identify their potential anatomical correlates. Alexithymia was strongly associated with dysconnectivity within the semantic network, and altered functional connectivity between the neuromodulatory brainstem regions and cortical areas crucial for social cognition and emotion regulation, including medial prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobule. On the anatomical level, these findings were paralleled by negative links with network modularity, suggestive of less specialized neural processing, and decreased clustering coefficient of the semantic node in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus. Despite observing associations with trait\u2010anxiety and emotion suppression for some of the highlighted findings, these phenomena did not mediate the effects of alexithymia. Therefore, the current work highlights the existence of functional and structural alterations within socio\u2010emotional networks as neural markers of alexithymia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T08:14:46Z","timestamp":1767255286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Socio\u2010Emotional Difficulties Observed in Alexithymia Reflect Altered Interactions of the Semantic and Monoaminergic Neuromodulatory Brain Networks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9315-9618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","family":"Montolio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology Jaume I University  Castellon de la Plana 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