{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T09:17:59Z","timestamp":1771406279590,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Telemanipulation allows remote operations using specialized tools, often under limited sensory input, such as the absence of haptic feedback. With practice, these tools can become embodied extensions of the user, enhancing Presence. Sensory Substitution, conveying information from one sensory modality through another, can mitigate sensory limitations in such tasks. We developed the Visual\u2010Tactile Sensory Substitution Task to investigate learning of Sensory Substitution while accounting for Embodiment and Presence experience. Forty participants completed a within\u2010subjects repeated\u2010measures design in which each individual was required to manipulate 200 virtual elastic slabs using a haptic stylus to maximize deformation without breakage. Each participant performed two trial types in random order: 50% with force feedback (Control Condition) and 50% without it (Sensory Substitution Condition). Performance metrics included Frequency of Errors, Elapsed Time, Maximal Applied Force, along with Maximal Pupil Dilation and Number of Blinks as workload and learning indicators. Participants also assessed their Perceived Sensory Substitution, Embodiment, and Presence after the task. All metrics were analyzed separately for correct, incorrect, and aggregated trials. Structural Equation Modeling was applied to test the effects of Perceived Sensory Substitution (exogenous variable) on Sensory Substitution Learning via Embodiment and Presence (endogenous variables). Participants in the Sensory Substitution Condition showed reduced Elapsed Time, comparable Maximal Applied Force, and higher Frequency of Errors compared to the Control Condition. Blink rate showed phase\u2010dependent modulation during correct trials, consistent with task learning, while pupil dilation remained stable across phases and feedback conditions. Structural Equation Modeling revealed that Perceived Sensory Substitution positively influenced Embodiment, Presence, and Learning. Overall, Sensory Substitution supports telemanipulation by fostering Embodiment and reducing task time, while modulating sensorimotor learning strategies relevant for efficient remote operation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T11:22:22Z","timestamp":1769512942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sensory Substitution and Embodiment Shape Performance and Immersion in Teleoperated Settings"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8472-9592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Cesari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1510-9772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Papini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4516-2671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Piarulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"De Pra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources (TERIN) Laboratory for Hydrogen and New Energy Vectors (H2V), ENEA\u2014Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Centre  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7249-874X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Gemignani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4747-1697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering and Research Center \u201cE. Piaggio\u201d University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5521-4108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"Menicucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Desaf\u00edos Para la Psicolog\u00eda Latinoamericana","volume":"83","author":"\u00c1lvarez M. 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