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In these contexts, performance can be disrupted when there is a mismatch between societal expectations and individual feedback competitors receive. This study examined how expectations tied to social identity influence physiological stress in competitive settings by manipulating aspects of a math competition task. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either negative or positive individual\u2010level feedback, creating personal expectations of high\/low performance on the upcoming task. To manipulate social expectations (i.e., based on social identity), competitions occurred in a same\u2010sex, interracial dyad where one person belonged to a member of a racial group positively stereotyped in the mathematics domain (i.e., Asians) and the other was not (i.e., Whites). Asian participants exhibited greater sympathetic arousal, as evidenced by larger decreases in pre\u2010ejection period (PEP), during both preparation and competition phases compared to White participants, suggesting heightened engagement in the competition task. Regardless of ethnic\u2010racial identity, participants receiving negative personal feedback exhibited stronger physiological threat reactivity while anticipating the competition, compared to those who received positive feedback. Exploratory analyses examined moderation of effects by stress appraisals, group identification, and achievement goals. This study highlights the complex interplay between expectations, identity, and stress in competitive environments, providing insights into how psychological factors influence physiological outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T17:33:19Z","timestamp":1769621599000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mismatched Expectations: The Complex Interplay Between Societal Expectations and False Individual Feedback on Physiology During Competition"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6194-705X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karishma K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Rochester  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Hangen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Philosophy, &amp; Neuroscience SUNY Brockport  Brockport New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey\u2010Ann","family":"Journault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Rochester  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Elliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Rochester  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy P.","family":"Jamieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Rochester  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.10041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.91.3.465a"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956\u20107976.2005.00789.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.87.3.497"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"Social Psychophysiology and Embodiment","volume":"1","author":"Blascovich J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Handbook of Social Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"307","volume-title":"The Social Psychology of Stigma","author":"Blascovich J.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2003.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01973530701665256"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/S0882-614520210000038007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00277"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.125.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Relations between choking under pressure and sleep on a cognitive task in college students (Master's thesis, Auburn University)","author":"Cler K.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.06.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.3.355"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Handbook of Competence and Motivation: Theory and Application","author":"Dweck C. 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