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Specifically, we examined whether amplitudes of the feedback\u2010related negativity (FRN) and N170 components after immediate or delayed feedback predicted not only free recall and recognition performance, but also N400 priming effects exerted by the novel objects on the novel words as a neural correlate of the strength of the associations acquired through feedback\u2010based learning. Sixty\u2010six healthy young adults learned novel associations receiving either immediate or delayed deterministic feedback, followed by free recall tests and a newly introduced primed recognition task to measure N400 priming effects. Results showed that FRN amplitudes during learning were associated with recognition performance and predicted frontal N400 priming effects, suggesting a link to procedural, automatically retrieved memories. In contrast, N170 amplitudes were related not only to recognition, but also free recall and to general facilitation of semantic retrieval and integration processes, reflected in reduced N400 amplitudes, indicating a role in declarative memory and familiarity\u2010driven processing facilitation. Overall, feedback\u2010based learning elicited robust N400 priming effects, reflecting successful associative integration. However, no consistent effects of feedback timing or valence were observed, likely due to learning strategies adopted based on the deterministic nature of feedback and the anticipation of the memory tasks after learning. These findings highlight distinct contributions of feedback\u2010related ERP components to different forms of memory representations, linking general mechanisms of feedback\u2010based learning to the resulting representations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T14:50:30Z","timestamp":1778079030000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Feedback\u2010Learning to Semantic Memory: Can Feedback\u2010Related Brain Activity Predict Object\u2010Word Associations?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8388-2533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Psychology Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6677-965X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Bechtold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Psychology Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Ghio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Psychology Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Bellebaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Psychology Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf 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