{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:09:23Z","timestamp":1789038563550,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/X010295\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/X010295\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012041","name":"Versus Arthritis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Commonly used methods for assessing cardiac interoceptive accuracy have been criticized for assuming that all individuals perceive their heartbeat at the same delay following contraction of the heart, despite evidence for notable variability across individuals. However, it remains unclear whether some individuals perceive their heartbeat at a particular phase of their cardiac cycle\u2014that is, at a relative point in the cycle that may vary in absolute timing depending on heart rate\u2014rather than at a specific delay. Identification of all heartbeat perceivers is critical for accurate measurement of cardiac interoceptive accuracy; individual differences in which are theorized to play a role in several aspects of higher\u2010order cognition as well as health and wellbeing. In the current study, data from 526 participants who completed the Phase Adjustment Task (PAT) as a measure of cardiac interoceptive accuracy were examined. In this task, participants are asked to adjust a virtual dial until tones appear synchronous with their heartbeats. Data were analyzed using a novel framework that allows differentiation between delay\u2010based and phase\u2010based response patterns. Of 76 interoceptive individuals identified, 21% (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200916) demonstrated response patterns consistent only with phase\u2010based responding. These novel findings challenge current assumptions regarding individual differences in the perception of heartbeats, and suggest that many commonly used measures may underestimate the true proportion of heartbeat perceivers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T11:46:57Z","timestamp":1782388017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evidence for Cardiac Phase\u2010Linked Perception of Heartbeats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9911-0377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Surrey  Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Morelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Science Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Plans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Royal Holloway University of London  Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Sport and Sensory Sciences Anglia Ruskin University  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Centre for Psychological Medicine Perdana University  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Aspell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Sport and Sensory Sciences Anglia Ruskin University  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3299-9125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateo","family":"Leganes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP) Psychological Science Research Institute  Louvain\u2010la\u2010Neuve Belgium"},{"name":"Developmental Psychopathology Department, Psychology School University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Centre for Research in Autism and Education, Institute of Education University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8945-3337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Surrey  Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2905"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70310"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915629117"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118247"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967\u20103334\/24\/2\/306"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746\u2010020\u20100226\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Betka S. 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