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Combining behavioral measures, event\u2010related potentials (ERPs), and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), we investigated the temporal dynamics of crowd emotion perception and the moderating role of emotional valence. At the behavioral level, we observed a happiness superiority effect in recognition accuracy and speed. At the neural level, MVPA revealed respective neural representations for crowd versus individual face processing. ERP results further delineated three potential stages: initial feature encoding and integration, followed by configural processing and valence differentiation, and finally mean emotion extraction and decision formation. 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