{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:58:33Z","timestamp":1785304713445,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In visual working memory, relation\u2010based distractors can induce a memory repulsion effect, yet its spatial boundary and cognitive stage remain unclear. Across two experiments, we examined the spatial modulation and temporal dynamics of this effect. Experiment 1 presented a central target with peripheral distractors arranged as a regular pentagon and manipulated target\u2010distractor spatial distance. Results showed that the repulsion effect decreased monotonically with increasing distance, supporting an absolute\u2010distance account rather than a strict central attentional window account. Experiment 2 employed EEG and orthogonally manipulated distractor color (identical to vs. different from the target) and spatial distance (small vs. large). Behaviorally, the distance gradient was replicated, and repulsion occurred only for different\u2010color distractors. Critically, the ERP difference between different\u2010color and identical\u2010color conditions emerged as a late positive component (LPC) between 382 and 604\u2009ms post\u2010stimulus, and its amplitude positively correlated with the individual behavioral repulsion effect. Early N1 activity (approximately 96\u2013202\u2009ms) was sensitive to distance but showed no direct correlation with behavioral outcomes. These findings indicate that memory repulsion arises during post\u2010perceptual working memory stages and is modulated by absolute spatial proximity. This work clarifies the spatiotemporal architecture of relational distractor filtering in visual working memory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:48:35Z","timestamp":1785239315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Distractor\u2010Induced Repulsion Effect in Visual Working Memory: A Behavioral and ERP Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5238-5614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiafeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Renmin University of China  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5357-6666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuemin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Consciousness Brain Computer Interface and Neuromodulation, Faculty of Psychology Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/APP.72.2.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096\u20101523.29.5.937"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2004.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21575"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414\u2010021\u201002374\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414\u2010017\u20101404\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000076"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/14.4.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018808"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020370"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612458528"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033489"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3212\u201018.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/11.10.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4174"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237273"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610397956"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2014.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234599"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2024.105843"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915\u2010026\u201002597\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0001191"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.1722"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2003.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423\u2010016\u20101191\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414\u2010019\u201001861\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000165"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423\u2010013\u20100567\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015872"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03203267"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx336"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00231145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096\u20101523.24.3.847"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147504"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20109280.2006.01739.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00991.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/13.3.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423\u2010019\u201001573\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/10.2.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042\u20106989(99)00163\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1998.0684"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2024.105938"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414\u2010012\u20100391\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010017\u20105094\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00305"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00140"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09567976219973"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3061\u201017.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1994.tb02218.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0096\u20101523.20.4.887"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096\u20101523.28.4.902"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194849"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423\u2010019\u201001707\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1995.tb03400.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2007.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.2011.01320.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000574"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414\u2010013\u20100611\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/12.1.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2011.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475\u20101313.2010.00736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2014.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.23.001586"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70220"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Oxford Handbook of ERP Components","author":"Polich J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000491"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p270393"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13633"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah7011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423\u2010022\u201002133\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12645"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562\u2010020\u201000938\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000890"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/17.14.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xlm0000722"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/13.10.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000212"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000727"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0048577200981265"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/10.7.760"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1041.2025.1323"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01637"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010002\u20101319\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13101389"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42113\u2010022\u201000150\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.15.1.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xlm0001092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2026.104750"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388\u20102457(03)00251\u20107"}],"container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psyp.70366","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/psyp.70366","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psyp.70366","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:00:04Z","timestamp":1785301204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/psyp.70366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/psyp.70366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.70366","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-5772","1469-8986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-5772","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70366"}}